Comparing The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 1476 Words

The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Sumerian epic of the great king Gilgamesh and his deeds on Earth in ancient mesopotamia and in the city of Uruk. It is an important historical text because it is one of the oldest western epics and because it explains much about how the ancient Sumerians viewed the Gods (Mark). The epic contains the tells of Gilgamesh, Enkidu, Utnapishtim, and many Gods and Goddesses of ancient Sumeria specifically Ishtar, the Goddess of love. In the tale Gilgamesh is created by the Gods to be filled with courage and strength and he is dressed in unearthly beauty; a just king to rule his people. However in the great stronghold of Uruk Gilgamesh is not a just king, he fights and slaughters all the young men and rapes all the young women causing the people to cry out to the Gods for someone to come and be his equal so that he will leave the city alone. The God’s here the plea of the people and thus Enkidu is born at the hand of the creator Goddess Aruru (Craig). He is a savage beast, born of the hills with the strength of many men and the hair of a woman. Enkidu roams the plains with the gazelle and drinks with the animals at the watering hole. One day a hunter comes face to face with Enkidu and is struck with terror at his very appearance, so the hunter visits the King to tell him of the great brute of a man and King Gilgamesh declares that he should be seduced by a harlot and brought back to the town. The Harlot the n goes and exposes herself to Enkidu so that heShow MoreRelatedComparing The Epic Of Gilgamesh1779 Words   |  8 PagesPride The Epic of Gilgamesh was translated by Andrew George and the Iliad was written by Homer. These are both heroic epics that show some similarities in their stories. The Epic of Gilgamesh came to us in a fragmentary form and was written in some form we no longer have. It possibly influenced the Iliad because the Iliad showed some modification of the epic and was written later than Gilgamesh. Both stories show some similarities in theme, such as pride, morality, friendship, love, fate, and freeRead MoreComparing The Epic Of Gilgamesh2123 Words   |  9 Pageswomen in the Epic of Gilgamesh had minor roles, their roles were definitely important. The women, who are Aruru, Shamhat, Ninsun, Siduri, Ishtar, and the wife of Utnapishtim, represents not only great wisdom and power, but also temptation, which the men try no to fall victim to, and ruin. Just like the men in this epic, the women also have powers, of which the men were aware. According to the text, â€Å"the stories that [make up the Epic of Gilgamesh centers] around two major events: Gilgamesh s friendshipRead MoreComparing The Epic Of Gilphash And The Epic Of Gilgamesh1500 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Epic of Gilgamesh and the novel Genesis, we are shown gods and the biblical God who both enforce their ideas of justice against those they deem wicked. This is depicted multiple times in both pieces of literature, the most notable being the floods unleashed by God in Genesis and the gods in The Epic of Gilgamesh. The punishments inflicted on humankind are similar because the deities in both texts share their own concept of justice, fueled by human emotion. Throughout both stories these omnipresentRead MoreComparing the Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis1005 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh has many similarities to the Bible, especially in Genesis and it’s not just that the both begin with the letter â€Å"g†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢! One major similarity being the flood story that is told in both works. The two stories are very similar but also very different. Another being the use of serpents in both works and how they represent the same thing. A third similarity being the power of God or gods and the influence they have on the people of the stories. Within these similarities there areRead MoreComparing Genesis And The Epic Of Gilgamesh945 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the book of Genesis in the bible and The Epic of Gilgamesh have striking similarities in the sense of creation and the great flood, the interactions between the divine beings and humans differ greatly. One matter that impacts the entire relationship between gods and humans in both accounts is that the gods in the epic are not almighty beings like God in Genesis since they cannot control each other’s domains. Because of this, they must travel from place to place and work with other gods to carryRead MoreComparing Genesis And The Epic Of Gilgamesh940 Words   |  4 PagesWhile Genesis in the bible and The Epic o f Gilgamesh have striking similarities in the sense of creation and the great flood, the interactions between the divine beings and humans differ greatly. One matter that impacts the entire relationship between gods and humans in both accounts is that the gods in the epic are not almighty beings like God in Genesis since they cannot control each other’s domain. Because of this, they must travel from place to place and work with other gods to carry out a certainRead MoreComparing and Contrasting the Floods in Genesis and The Epic of Gilgamesh588 Words   |  3 PagesThe floods in Genesis and The Epic of Gilgamesh are in no doubt different but in so many ways similar. The two men are given a task to save humankind from a flood and succeed and are rewarded. The major basic events that take place in the stories a similar however the smaller details of them and how they are carried you are different. They two also tells us a lot about the relationship between humans to Divinity. The floods in The Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis 6-9 are very similar. In both theRead MoreComparing The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad2049 Words   |  9 PagesCharacter relationship similarities and differences in The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad: In The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad, heroes Achilles and Gilgamesh have important relationships with characters that directly and indirectly give readers a look at the character we may not normally see. For the mighty demi-god Achilles, the person who aids in revealing his feelings is the warrior, Patroclus. Patroclus is a warrior who Achilles has a great respect for, and his eventual death sends him intoRead More Comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesComparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah and the Flood It is said that life is 10% what you make it and 90% how you take it. It is not the circumstances of life that determine a persons character. Rather, it is the way a character responds to those circumstances that provides a display of who he is. From the Epic of Gilgamesh, as translated by N.K. Sandars, and Noah and the Flood from the Book of Genesis, both Gilgamesh and Noah face similar circumstances, but don’t always respond to themRead MoreEssay about Comparing Homers Odyssey and The Epic of Gilgamesh816 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Homers Odyssey and The Epic of Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both The Odyssey and the Epic of Gilgamesh are two incredible stories written long ago. These two epics share many of the same concepts. Such as the nostro (the Greek term for homecoming), xenis (guest/host relationship), oikos (household), and aganoriss (recognition). In both epics these themes are illustrated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Odyssey the theme of nostro is very prevalent in this epic. Basically the whole story is based around this concept

The Conflict Between Christians And Muslims - 786 Words

Perspective comes from the Latin words per and spectare and literally means: to look through. Therefore, perspective, in its most rudimentary definition, means the way one looks at things. This definition can be elaborated upon and become synonymous with belief. A perspective can be open or limited, abstract or logical, optimistic or pessimistic. With these opposites, it can be difficult to blend one’s views with another’s. People are fascinated with perspectives. Humans love the conflict that comes with opposing opinions. Consequently, arguments are always blown out of proportion. For instance, take the popularity of legal dramas, the feud between Christians and Muslims, or the pro and anti homosexuality rallies. Some of the most famous works of literature are about changing perspectives such as Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, a story about strong prejudices being exercised in a small town. Articles have been written concerning changing perspectives for exam ple, David Dobb’s writing ‘Beautiful Brains’, a study looking into the minds of teenagers and explaining their set apart behaviors. Both of these pieces tell about the transition from child to adult and the perspectives that come with this growth. Coming-of-age involves recognizing different perspectives. In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Jem is an example of a character whose coming-of-age process involves gaining a new perspective. Jem is told that he must read to his mean neighbor Mrs. Dubose after tearing upShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between The Muslims And Christians Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesAs mentioned earlier, the series of conflict between the Muslims and Christians had no doubt contributed to the cause of what became the Crusades. However, the blame could be ultimately placed on a single man by the name of Pope Urban II, who, in 1095, convincingly united both the Eastern Orthodox Church (Byzantium) and the Roman Catholic Church against a common foe: the Turks. More specifically, he delivered a sermon after the demand for assistance from Alexius I to drive out the Turks from ByzantiumRead MoreReligious Conflicts Between Christians And Muslims930 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent views on the religious conflict going on in the Middle East as well as all over the world. The speakers discussed the religious conflicts between Christians and Muslims as well between different groups of Muslims. In this paper, I will summarize what I learned and give my analysis of the situation. Additionally, I will discuss a few things that I learned about the ISIS movement. The speakers each described a few important points that contribute to the conflict. The first major point is thatRead MoreThe World s Population Must Be Defined As A World Conflict Between Christians And Muslims1346 Words   |  6 Pagesof belief and worship† (Cambridge Dictionary, n.d.). The two religions that will be of majority in the future shall be that of Muslim and Christian religion. These religions believe in a superhuman power and many people all over the world believe in these two religions. Changes could occur between now and the year 2050 such as a world conflict between Christians and Muslims. There could also be people switching religions, which will change the religious populations. Fertility rates in certain areasRead MoreThe Conflict Between Islamic State And The European Christians971 Words   |  4 Pagescrusaders, the political conflict between the Islamic state and the European Christians caused the truth regarding Christians’ and Muslims’ identities to be distorted. 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However, the Lebanese and Bangladeshi cases show that clashes occur between civilizations as shown above, but also within civilizational blocks - or even within religious groups -. Before going further into Lebanon’s and Bangladesh’s history, a brief review of Islam must be done. Muslims are split into two mains branches: Sunnis and Shia. The origin of this divisionRead MoreCrusades For Personal Benefit. Samuel Huntington Thought1132 Words   |  5 PagesBenefit Samuel Huntington thought that conflicts between two countries or religions are the result of a clash of civilizations. He thought that conflict arose because their thoughts were too different. The Crusades were more the result of the Christians wanting other benefits, not because they hated the Muslims. The Crusades do not prove that the Muslims and Christians had a clash of civilization and couldn’t coexist. Before the Crusades began, Christians and Muslims lived together quite peacefully, butRead MoreChristianity and Islam763 Words   |  4 Pagesnot to worship any other gods. They also state that we are to obey God’s word and should surrender/sacrifice ourselves to God. Many Old Testament prophets that are in the bible are also found in the Quran and believe they were sent by God. Many Christians are unaware of the fact that Islam believes Jesus was a man God and that Jesus will return. Both scriptures state, God inspired the Torah, the prophets, and Gospel. They a lso believe God will resurrect all for judgment, and believers who die willRead MoreForeign Influence and Its Positive and Negative Impacts1285 Words   |  5 Pages Foreign influence. Colonization. Imperialism. All of these arguably had a very positive impact on the world advancing it technologically. However, foreign influence also causes conflicts. For example, Britain split up the Hindus and Muslims in India which led to years of fighting and hatred. The majority of people believe that there isnt a specific cause for genocide. However – as shown by the Sudanese and Rwandan Genocides—foreign influence, and the absence of it, plays a big role in causing

Report on Pizza Hut Free Essays

Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut A PRESENTATION REPORT ON PIZZA HUT PESHAWAR ACCEP TED TO SIR IMRAN WAZIR ACC EPTE D BY : ADNAN KHAN MUJAHID HUSSAIN NAVEED SAEED SHAHZAD TAHIR ZARTASHIA ARSHAD BBA (HONS) – C 1st Semester Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 1 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Topic Letter of acceptance Executive summary History of Pizza Introduction History Of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut Mission Statement Comparative Strategy PEST SWOT Segmentation Positioning Targeting Pizza Hut Strategies Functional Level Strategy TQM (Total Quality Management) Business Level Strategy Pricing Strategy Market Share Four P’s of Marketing ? Product ? Price ? Place ? Promotion Conclusion References Page Number 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 18 Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 2 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE To: Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Pizza Hut or any similar topic only for you Order Now Imran Wazir, Lecturer IM| Sciences, Peshawar. Subject: PREPARATION OF REPORT We are Hereby Presenting the presentation on Company Pizza Hut and assure you submission of our report in compliance with the instruction envisaged. Name of topic is repeated for ready reference please. â€Å"Marketing Plans Business report on Pizza Hut† Yours sincerely, Adnan Khan Mujahid Hussain Naveed Saeed Shahzad Tahir Zartashia Arshad Date: March 03, 2009 Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 3 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the past four decades Pizza Hut has built a reputation for excellence that has earned the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Building a leading pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to quality and dedication to customer service and value. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership have characterized Pizza Hut’s business through more than four decades of success. Through the strength of its heritage, its culture and its people and franchisees, Pizza Hut looks forward to more success in future. There are different objectives of every organization. In order to achieve these objectives different targets are set. Targets pass down the hierarchy depending on the nature of the business. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives, management decides on different strategies. These strategies are divided into many sub-parts and are useful for the running of the business. The employees and the management know what they have to achieve through the targets which have been set to them and the strategies they have adopted help them know the way they will achieve the objectives. Similarly, Pizza Hut has different targets set to them and they have adopted different strategies to successfully achieve the targets set. These targets are set by the RSC i. e. the restaurant support centre in Karachi. These targets are passed on to the RGM (restaurant general manager) and he passes them to the workforce. These targets fall within the organizational structure in which there are many people who have different targets to achieve. In order to successfully achieve the targets they need to co-operate and work in a friendly environment. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 4 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut HISTORY OF PIZZA About Pizza, Some will tell you Italy. That’s wrong. What you know as pizza came into vogue around the time of Napoleon and the French revolution. Italians, known to be lovers of fine food and wines perfected and imported this terrific dish to America. From here it quickly endeared itself to mass production and re-export to the rest of the world. Bon appetite! INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF PIZZA HUT In 1958, Frank and Dan Carney had an idea for a great local pizza restaurant in Wichita Kansas. The small 25 seat restaurant only had room for 9 letters on the sign†¦ the building looked like a hut†¦ so ‘Pizza Hut’ was born! Fifteen years later, we opened the first UK restaurant and since then we’ve become the biggest Pizza Company on the planet, Let see listen Pizza Hut Story from them! †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1958 Frank and Dan Carney open the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas. 1972 1000 restaurants are open throughout the USA. 1973 Pizza Hut went international with restaurants in Japan, Canada England. The first UK Pizza Hut opened in Islington, London. 977 PepsiCo bought Pizza Hut. 1980 Pan Pizza was introduced. 1982 The UK joint venture started between PepsiCo and Whitbread. 1984 Over 50 restaurants so far in the UK. 1986 By now, there were 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 worldwide. 1987 An average of one restaurant open ed each week in the UK. 1988 The UK’s First Delivery Unit was opened in Kingsbury, London. 1992 There were 9,000 restaurants in 84 countries. 1993 There were 300 restaurants and delivery stores in the UK. 1994 10,000 Pizza Huts were open for business. 1997 PepsiCo decided to focus on their drinks business. As a result, Tricon Global Restaurants was born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. 1999 Pizza Hut had over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. 2002 Tricon Global became YUM! Brands Inc. 2006 Whitbread sold their share of the joint venture to Yum! Brands Inc. Pizza Hut UK Ltd was now 100% owned by Yum! 2008 We bought Godfather’s Pizza in Ireland with 28 stores. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 5 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut’s Mission Statement We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. Every customer says, â€Å"I’ll be back! † We are the employer of choice offering team members opportunities For Growth, Advancement, And Rewarding Careers in a Fun, Safe Working Environment. †¢ P. E. A. R. L. S ? PASSION for excellence in Doing everything ? EXECUTE with positive energy and urgency. ? ACCOUNTABLE for growth in customer satisfaction and profitability. ? RECOGNIZE the achievement of others and have fun doing it. ? LISTEN and more importantly, respond to the voice of the customer. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 6 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut COMPARATIVE STRATEGY: This forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new nonpizza items such as Buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn’t necessarily want pizza. Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example, let’s look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the â€Å"Bigfoot,† which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced â€Å"Stuffed Crust Pizza,† where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed â€Å"The Edge,† which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing â€Å"The Big New Yorker,† trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country. Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a UAN (in USA 1-800) number customer hotline and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 7 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 8 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PIZZA HUT In our visit to Pizza Hut we conducted research on PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis. In the internal analysis of Pizza Hut we have considered SWOT of the Company. PEST (Political, Economic, Social Technological) i. POLITICAL ISSUES: Political issues include regulatory frame work operating in judicial system which may affect the business in different ways. There are not many political factors in Peshawar affecting Pizza Hut as is lack of competition. Factors such as laws on business employment, pollution and taxation apply on the organization which it has to follow regarding the rules. ii. ECNOMIC FACTORS: If the county’s economy is better so the GDP of the country will be good, this is a green signal for the business as the per capita income of the people will be increased and they will spend more money. In our survey we came to know that most of the people in the beginning of the months spend more and they visit pizza hut very often. When the inflation rate increases the cost of raw material also increases and this leads towards high prices of the products and vice versa. iii. SOCIAL FACTORS: Pizza hut is a multinational and it is basically originated from America so the organization is overwhelmed by western culture. There are social forms of society which consist of Upper class, middle class, middle upper class, lower class and lower class. Every country has cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion which can affect the organization. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Now a day’s technology is improving so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet; telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Computer based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, future forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 9 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut SWOT ANALYSIS: Every organization has its strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats. So, the SWOT analysis for pizza hut is as under: Strengths: Pizza Hut is the market leader in providing different products of pizzas as there are no competitors in this sector. There good image makes the organization more strong. Pizza Hut is providing good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialized in pizzas. Motivation level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. They have enough resources for operating different activities of the organization. They are providing free home delivery service. They have created monopoly in this sector. Another big Strength and even a Competitive Advantageis the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Pizza Hut’s competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Pizza Hut can market too many different segments that other pizza chains cannot. For example, Pizza Hut can market to families much easier than Domino’s or Little Caesar’s. Weaknesses: However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don’t have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. They are providing less range of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focused on Western taste instead of Eastern. Opportunities: New markets can be explored and new opportunities they can gain. Pizza Hut can come up with the new products considering the Eastern taste of the people as like McDonalds. Diversification of new products can increase their arket share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources. Threats: Pizza Hut’s number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, Their closest competitor is Domino’s Pizza who is working to open their Branch at Karachi. Domino’s main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their Lower price. ii. Little Caesar’s who is establishing their self in India and might move to i. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 10 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pakistan is another one of Pizza Hut’s competitors, right behind Domino’s in market share. Little Caesar’s is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. iii. New entrance like Dominos pizza in Pakistan market can affect their market share. iv. Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. v. Social factors can affect their image as a Western organization. SEGMENTATION: Main segments which Pizza hut has captured are the combination of higher incomes and dual career families , due to higher income consumer have more disposable income , allowing them to eat out more often . Pizza Hut holds the most market share in the Pizza industry, the perceived quality and service of the company will help to ensure a better the average chance at a successful introduction of a new product. The introduction of a product that keeps with today trends is also important to reduce the risk of failure. Pizza Hut maximum market segment is younger generations. These generation ranges from 12 to 30, the overall spending of these generations is mostly on non essential items, the higher amount of spending has been done on eating out. POSITIONING Pizza Hut was among the first multinational brands to enter the food retail sector in Pakistan. When the first Pizza Hut restaurant opened in Karachi the quick service industry was at a nascent stage and the pizza category was dominated by a sole regional player who had a marginal presence. Pizza Hut went on to play a significant role in pioneering and developing this category in Pakistan. Worldwide and in Pakistan, Pizza Hut has come to become synonymous with the ‘best pizzas under one roof’. This is because at Pizza Hut the belief is that every pizza has its own magic, thus making it a destination product – which everyone seeks. It is this belief that has ignited the passion to create, innovate and serve the finest product the industry has to offer, while setting standards for others to strive to replicate. Pizza Hut is committed to providing uncompromising product quality, offering customers the highest value for money and giving service that is warm, friendly and personal. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 11 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut A critical factor in Pizza Hut’s success has been its unique dining experience. Crew members at Pizza Hut strive each day to provide ‘CUSTOMER MANIA’ – the kind of service that ensures that every visit of the customer is a memorable one. Pizza Hut’s constant endeavor to provide extra value – whether it is pizzas which are available to suit every price range, new promotions or the introduction of innovative product ranges – that puts a ‘Yum’ on every customer’s face – has allowed it to increase its presence in Pakistan to the current 38 restaurants across 9 cities. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 12 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Targeting: Pizza hut targeted market defines them as a family product. This is because they don’t really directly market their customers. They are target everyone whereas their competitors target a certain gender or age. But pizza hut targets a wide range of customers. This is because they want to make the most money and who blames them. They have many competitors and they are bound to try everything to cope up tops. Their competitors are everywhere. There are just a few that are main competitors and pizza hut will always try to be the best and get the most money by making their products better quality but also cheaper. They try to offer something different with their product as well. They offer a range of stuffed crusts to try and attract customers. They also do vegetarian options with meet free pizzas and a salad and pasta bar. Not a lot of restaurants offer a salad and a pasta bar. This is another competitive idea to attract or customers. STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PIZZA HUT: A business’s strategy is the pattern of decisions and actions that are taken by the business to achieve its goals. A business has a variety of goals and objectives. All businesses need to organize their business activities in order to achieve their business objectives. Running a business involves planning the current as well as future activities. Hence, in order to achieve the business objectives, all business organizations adopt different strategies. Similarly, Pizza Hut has adopted many strategies which help achieve the targets set by the main office to the local store opened at Peshawar. Changes are the external as well as internal environment has led Pizza Hut rethink their past strategies and has therefore designed new strategies after noticing the changes in the environment. These environmental changes are seen through the PEST and SWOT analysis. After considering all the factors Pizza Hut has decided upon the strategies and their current strategies are divided into five main categories and further have sub-parts. These strategies are: – Functional Strategies: These are strategies designed to improve the efficiency of a business’s operations. They often focus on an area, such as marketing, human resource etc. All business organizations adopt strategies at functional level as once the functional objectives are achieved, corporate objectives become easy. In order to make the functional strategy efficient, Pizza Hut has made all the functional departments co-operate with each other. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 13 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Total Quality Management (TQM): This is the most important for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees’ backof-the-house i. e. the kitchen assistants are trained accordingly. They are given extra classes in order to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is important in order to satisfy the CHAMPS. This strategy is strictly implemented in Pizza Hut in order to fulfill the quality standards. Different quality management staff is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the task to observe whether the quality standards are met or not, whereas there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the task to implement quality standards and know whether they are achieved or not. Business Level Strategy: Business level strategies are plans made to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in a market. Hence, all the businesses need to adopt business level strategies in order to compete in a competitive environment. If we take a look at the Pakistani market, there are no large competitors of Pizza Hut but unlimited small competitors exist in the market. The threat of competitors is very low as there is no international food chain offering pizza in Pakistan at present. Therefore, present strategies adopted by Pizza Hut are keeping in consideration the present competition. Whereas, in future this competition will increase and Pizza Hut will have to change all its business level strategies in order to compete with its rivals. In very near future Dominos is opening its first branch in Karachi. This would be a threat for Pizza Hut and hence, the strategies would be changed. Pricing Strategy: The level of competition a business faces determines its pricing strategy. Sometimes a business has the scope to set its price and sometimes a business cannot. When a business has the scope to set its price there is a number of pricing strategies or policies it might choose. As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 14 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 15 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Share: As there are Dozens of Pizza Suppliers Globally Providing Services in different part of the World, but Pizza Hut is the One who got the Bigger Market Share Globally. This is the Survey taken by www. survey. com that Pizza Hut is having 48% of Overall Pizza Market in the World. After that Dominos is leading with a percentage of 20% while the rest 32% is divided in the Remaining Pizza Providers Globally. MARKET SHARE OTHERS 32% PIZZA HUT PIZZA HUT 48% DOMINO’S OTHERS DOMINO’S 20% Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 16 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut FOUR P’S OF MARKETING PRODUCT: Product refers to the actual program you are planning. The goal of pizza hut is to develop the best product with the resources available. Pizza Hut sells pizzas in four different sizes: personal (an individual serving), small, medium and large, though most stores have done away from with the small size. A variety of toppings are available, plus â€Å"specialty† styles, including Meat Lovers, Pepperoni Lovers, Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers, Double Cheeseburger, Supreme, Super Supreme and the newly introduced Pizza Mia. The pan pizza has a thicker crust than most other commercially available pizzas . o their products have help them to retain their customers and to increase them . they provide their customers with complete nutrition plan and healthy food is guaranteed. The nutrition plan also clearly tells diabetes patients can use what range of food at pizza hut. Over weight patients are also satisfied and the pizza with less cholesterol can be ordered. This encourages t he customers to visit pizza hut rather than going elsewhere. As pizza hut has to boost its sales in the existing markets, so they the new food products are introduced in all branches line-by–line because all branches are operated in co-operation with one another. Different products for different regions are also developed as there are choice differences. Pizza hut offers a long list of products and never afraid to offer new products like in Peshawar according to market they introduce the very first â€Å"Chapli Kabab Pizza† which was very healthy product by Pizza hut in this region. There are a lot many products according to different geographical places. Like in India they have got there vegetable pizzas, which has a large market there BUT not the Cow Meat Pizza. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 17 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut PRICE: . As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. First, this pricing strategy will help segment the market. Different groups of customers are willing to pay different prices for the same product. The high/low pricing strategy will also create excitement. The pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This product will emphasize product and service quality PLACE/DISTRIBUTION: It refers to the best place to offer program. That is the place where it is located and through what channels are we distributing programs and the competitive advantage lies in distribution. The pizza hut Peshawar is situated out of the market area near Army Stadium and Shami road. This site has been chosen keeping in view the following factors. It is in an out of centre location on retail or Leisure Park with good parking accessibility. Secondly the catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site. Distribution The type of distribution channel used by Pizza Hut is the direct channel. The direct channel is successful when there is an extremely large market that is geographically dispersed. The direct channel is also useful when there are a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each. Pizza Hut uses three different methods of selling its products directly to the market. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 18 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut i. The first method of distribution used by Pizza Hut is Home. Office delivery. Customers can call Pizza Hut ahead of time, place an order, and the order is delivered to the customer’s home. can go to the nearest Pizza Hut, place an order and either leave with the order or eat at the restaurant. One of Pizza Hut’s largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Pizza Hut offers a clean place to sit down and enjoy the variety of pizzas, salads, and sandwiches in a fun, family atmosphere. ii. Another method of distribution is for customers to dine-in. Customers iii. The third method of distribution is to order Online. Selective County Customers can now go on the Internet and place an order for Pizza. This method is useful because it allows customers to view the entire menu, download any special coupons, and order without having to disclose any credit card numbers. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 19 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut PROMOTION: The objectives of promotion are to introduce a new product, stimulate demand, change the short-term behavior of the customers, and encourage repeat or greater usage by current customers. Pizza hut uses many promotional strategies. The main promotion is a coupon to purchase. This promotion is also distributed mainly by mail, but also by fliers on college campuses around the country in order to reach the target market. They are using billboards on main stream places to get there customer. They are also distributing door to door brochures to capture more and more customers. Pizza huts also using marketing techniques. These are the strategies Pizza hut is using for its marketing. Pizza huts try’s to attract the younger generation as their main market segment. Apart from this Pizza Hut is using intense marketing strategies they are also giving ads in magazines. Advertising camping will creates awareness of the products in our target markets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 20 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut CONCLUSION Pizza Hut has many targets which it has achieve in a given period of time. The time-period is mostly a year. Therefore, in order to fulfill the targets different strategies are adopted by Pizza Hut. It can be concluded that these strategies have been successful and there is flexibility in the strategies, as they can be changed with the changes in the market conditions as well as the targets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 21 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut REFERENCES Mr. Amir Zeb, Shift Manager, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Mr. Hamad Zeb, Shift Manger, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Lower staff of Pizza Hut, Peshawar Google Search Engine www. definitions. com www. answers. com www. about. com www. wikipedia. org www. pizzahut. com Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 22 How to cite Report on Pizza Hut, Papers

John Quincy Adams Essay Example For Students

John Quincy Adams Essay John Quincy Adams was born in 1767 in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, and was the second child of two children. He was the sixth president of the United States, and devoted his life to serving the people. Of the 81 years he lived, 50 were spent in public office. His service ended only with his death at the U. S. Capitol in Washington, D. C. Adams career of public service was one of the most varied in the colonies. He served as a diplomat, senator, secretary of state, president, and, for the last 17 years of his life, member of the House of Representatives. During the war of 1763 between France and Great Britain, some Americans followed Thomas Jefferson and urged support of France, but members of the Federalist (anti-Jefferson) party wanted an alliance between the U. S. and Great Britain. President Washington did not listen to either side and stated that America be neutral and not choose sides. As news of the presidents ideas spread, more of the citizens began to support Washington less. Though the president was harshly seen, an anonymous author, using the pen name Publicola, published a series of articles in a Boston newspaper that was read throughout the nation. The articles sided with Washingtons views and soon everyone began to agree with Washingtons ideas. Soon, president Washington found out that Publicola was actually John Quincy Adams. Thus, Adams was appointed as diplomatic representative to the Netherlands. While serving in the Netherlands, Adams married Louisa Catherine Johnson and had 3 sons with her. The year after his father was defeated for reelection in 1800, John Quincy returned to Boston to practice law. In 1802, the Federalist Party leaders in Massachusetts helped him become elected to senate because of his past diplomatic records. Shortly afterward, in 1803, the Federalists in the state legislature elected him senator of Massachusetts. He disagreed heavily with the other senators in many issues such as the purchase of Louisiana and the passing of the Embargo Act. Later in 1808, several months before his term was up, the Massachusetts legislature elected another senator to replace him so Adams resigned. He then resumed his diplomatic career in 1809 when President James Madison appointed him U. S. diplomatic representative to Russia. Adams became an important asset to foreign relations, as Russia was the only European outlet for trade at that time. In 1817, John was called back to the U. S. to become secretary of state in the cabinet of James Monroe. It became a difficult time for him because Spain was having conflicts in Florida. Many hostile groups such as the Seminole Indians, runaway slaves, and outlaws began to cross the U. S. border and Spain was required by treaty to stop them from crossing. Spain failed to do so, so U. S. captured certain cities in Florida. This caused conflict between the U. S. and the Seminoles so the U. S. burned a Seminole village. This caused the Seminoles to retaliate and start the First Seminole War. John Quincy Adams called for General Andrew Jackson to stop the Seminoles and he did by capturing more Florida cities. But, he executed 2 British soldiers and this caused heavy tension between Spain, Great Britain, and the U. S. So, Adams told Spain to either subdue the enemies or to cede to the U. S. Spain, after many revolts causing loss of power and many negotiations, agreed to the demands of Adams and Florida ceded to the U. S. Also, Adams secured another important concession from Spain. This was the western boundary of Louisiana, which was never agreed upon by the Louisiana Purchase where U. S. gained Louisiana. Acting on his own and not by the orders of the government, John persuaded Spain to agree that Louisiana ran all the way to the Pacific Ocean. This was a major asset because now America stretched from ocean to ocean. Later, Adams ran for president of the U. S. and won becoming the sixth president. This was not easily won, though. .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 , .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .postImageUrl , .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 , .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2:hover , .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2:visited , .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2:active { border:0!important; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2:active , .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2 .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue18bca95778d48d476109c9a981618d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Annotated Bibliography: Arts Education EssayWhen the Electoral College voted for the candidates, none of them received a majority vote. So, by the 12th Amendment, the House was to vote for the 3 candidates with the most votes. John Quincy became one of the 3 candidates because he had received the 2nd highest number of votes. Henry Clay of Kentucky helped Adams to gain the majority of vote and Adams was elected president. Soon, followers of Jackson said that Adams had won by a corrupt bargain with Clay. This caused major problems for Adams during his presidency. Another problem was that Adams wasnt a very social person, but he remained president anyway. In Adams first annual message to Congress, Adam proposed a program to strengthen the nation by using federal funds for new canals, highways, harbor improvements, a stronger navy, military schools, and a national university. He also believed in the government funding the arts and sciences especially in scientific research and building observatories. The government did not agree and Adams was criticized for thinking that the government should fund these projects. They did not know that these preposterous ideas were actually the beginning of federal funded projects. In 1828, Adams enemies and Jacksons followers joined together to stop Adams from becoming reelected over Andrew Jackson. Adams was in trouble because one group, the new National Republicans, only supported him. Soon, the 2 parties began spreading malicious rumors about each other and this was also the beginning of political mud-slinging. Adams was defeated though and Jackson became president. After his defeat, Adams returned to Massachusetts, and decided to retire his life in political retirement. However, in 1831 conservative leaders persuaded him to run for seat in the House, which he later did. Later in 1846, Adams suffered a stroke. He recovered enough to resume his seat in Congress a few months later, but on February 21,1848, John Quincy Adams died from suffering his second stroke while still serving his country. This showed how much Adams revered his country and worked hard to make it a unified nation.

Exploration Conflict Essays - American Culture,

Exploration Conflict "Human life is reduced to real suffering, to hell, only when two ages, two cultures and religions, overlap." Stated by Albreight Von Haller. Human life, during the discovery of the new world was reduced to real suffering. When the European explorers came across the seas, they brought their own thoughts, beliefs, and ways of life, while the natives already held a strong history and independent civilization. Native Americans and the Europeans conflicted culturally with their religious beliefs, militarily, and their interpretations of land. The religious beliefs of the European explorers were completely from the bible. God made man and gave him complete control, as shown here in the book of Genesis 1:26. "Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let him rule over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground."" The Europeans thought of the native peoples as heathens or non believers because they did not believe in the Christian God. In one instance the Spanish Explorers forced native Americans to give up their own religious customs. Barbra Mcall the author of The European Invasion describes how the Pueblo people were forbidden to worship the Great Spirit in ways they had done for centuries. The Indian people conducted ceremonies and other traditional activities in secret, until the Spanish found out about the secret gatherings. As a consequence the pueblo people were brutally beaten and even burnt at the stake. Another way the Europeans and natives conflicted was militarily. The Europeans came from a much more advanced society. During exploration they traveled with many men and better weapons than the Indians. In the 1500's, when exploration to the new land first started there were more than 1 million native people living here, by the end of the 1800's their population had reduced to an estimated 200,000 people, a fact from The Invasion Within, written by James Axtell The concept of land is one more example of the differences between the natives, and the European explorers. Native Americans believed the land and its riches were gifts from the Great Spirit and should be treated with the utmost respect. Tzvetan Todorov talks about the Indian perspective in her book The Conquest of America, saying. The idea of owning land had been unknown to the Native Americans, many chiefs signed treaties of land ownership to the settlers, but did not comprehend what was meant by the agreement.. While the settlers used these treaties as legal rites to alter the land, and kill the animals. These misunderstandings grew into bigger problems, and even battles. Thus, the native Americans and the European explorers had many cultural confrontations. Throughout history there were some examples of cooperation among the Indians and settlers. The Indians taught the settlers how to grow maize and live off the land better. Settlers showed the Indians many things and even brought over the first horse to the Indians. Although there were some examples of cooperation, generally speaking the American Indians were invaded and treated very poorly because they were misunderstood. More important is the ethical question Tzvetan Todorov raises, "How should one behave with representatives of other cultures? Can we accept them as different, yet equal and worthy of respect?" Even in today's society we pray we will be able to learn from other cultures instead of ignorance and prejudice. Even today it is still hard to accept people with different ideas and different cultures. Hopefully, we will learn from the European invasion of the Indians, and try to accept other cultures as worthy of respect.

These Are The Best Jobs for People With Disabilities

These Are The Best Jobs for People With Disabilities Ever since the Americans with Disabilities Act passed in 1990, it’s illegal for employers to discriminate against employees based on mental or physical disability. This means that no employer is allowed to make hiring decisions about qualified candidates who have disabilities- and in fact, they’re not even allowed to ask about a person’s disability status. Changes  have been made to strengthen the law, extending the types of disabilities covered. And additional legislation, like the â€Å"Final Rule† of Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, amended in 2014, requires any company or agency connected to the federal government to aim for 7% of their workforce made up of employees who are differently abled.So what does all of this mean for your own job search if you happen to have a disability, like nearly one-fifth of America’s adult population? For starters, it means that you should expect to help create a level field for yourself. Employers are not allowed to use your disability as a reason not to hire you, if you’re otherwise qualified for a position- so it’s on you to make sure you are presenting your strongest qualifications.Tips for Your Job SearchBe confident. Although it may feel sometimes like your disability puts you at a disadvantage against others who may not have the same challenges, you want to go into the process full steam ahead, knowing that you bring valuable skills and experience to this new opportunity. Your disability doesn’t necessarily define you or your career, so make sure you’re emphasizing your best self. A positive attitude is one of your best assets in any job hunt, so make sure you’re giving yourself that advantage.Don’t offer more information than you need to. You don’t need to talk in-depth about any disabilities or necessary accommodations up front in an interview. The employer isn’t allowed to ask. Still, you may need to make certa in disclosures up front, or they may just be apparent to the interviewer. For example, if you use a wheelchair for mobility, this will be noticed. You are not, however, obligated to go into details about any conditions you have, or your history. Unfortunately, assumptions may be made about your ability to do a job (human nature being what it is), but you can help offset this by revealing only the most necessary information about your challenges, and shifting the focus to your strengths as a candidate.Focus on what you can do. If you have mobility issues, you can talk about how you use accommodations or tools to get from one place to another, and emphasize your stellar history of being on time. This is especially important if the job involves travel between places. If you have vision or hearing impairments, you can talk about processes you’ve come up with to manage (and excel at) tasks related to your job. This is a good chance to show off your problem solving skills, and show ing how you’ve faced and gotten past challenges. Interviewers love detailed, real-life examples that show how you’d approach problem solving on the job, so this is a chance to be proactive and take control of that narrative.Get all the information you can. There are lots of great resources for job hunters who happen to have disabilities. Make sure you’re armed with this info before you even start your job search, so you know what to expect, and what is okay/not okay as you look for your next job.You want to target your job search as much as possible, so that you can find a job where you’re able to succeed, grow, and be happy. For example, if you have mobility issues, a job that requires constant movement, or a lot of outdoor terrain, may not be ideal, so a desk-based job in an accessible building would be more suitable. Or if you have Asperger’s or an autism-spectrum disorder, a field where social interaction is limited might be the right choice- r uling out jobs like being a receptionist or salesperson, where social interactions make up the bulk of the work day.It’s about finding a job that plays to your strengths and skills, while also working with your disabilities to the extent that you’re comfortable and able to do what you need to do.Fastest-Growing Jobs  to ConsiderLet’s look at some of the fastest-growing jobs that work well for people with disabilities.Pharmaceutical Sales RepresentativeThe job: These sales reps work for pharmaceutical companies, selling products and devices to healthcare professionals who then use them for treating patients. If you have physical or medical disabilities, it can actually give you an edge if you’re not just a seller of these products, but also a beneficiary of them. It gives you an extra layer of expertise. This position typically requires a bachelor’s degree, because of the science and medical knowledge involved in the products, but no advance train ing beyond some on-the-job training.The salary: Pharmaceutical representatives make a median salary of $59,080 per year, or $28.41 per hour.The outlook: This is a field that continues to grow, as the medical needs of the population grow, and technology offers more varied treatments. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 7% by 2024.Accountant/AuditorThe job: Accountants and auditors work for large firms, examining and analyzing financial records. According to CareerCast, large accounting firms like PriceWaterhouseCoopers are among the top employers of people with disabilities. To become an accountant or auditor, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree in the field, as well as strong math and finance skills.The salary: Accountants and auditors make a median salary of $67,190 per year, or $32.20 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 11% by 2024.Vocational CounselorThe job: Twist! You’d be helping other people find employment, especially other people with disabilities or who face challenges in getting into the workforce. Because disabled people face an unemployment rate nearly double the national average, counselors who help people build job skills and advise on related legal and social issues.The salary: Accountants and auditors make a median salary of $56,490 per year, or $27.16 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 19% by 2024.Management ConsultantThe job: With greater opportunities in the job market in general, companies need advice and perspective on how to reach out to the disabled community, as well as insight into creating accommodations for disabled employees. For this kind of role, you should have a bachelor’s degree and a strong business background.The salary: Management consultants make a median salary of $81,320 per year, or $39.10 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expec ts that this field will grow 14% by 2024, as companies look for ways to diversify.Computer Support SpecialistThe job: Computer support specialists are IT professionals who manage and support computer hardware or networks for companies. Because the work is computer-based, electronic accommodations can be made for people with disabilities like blindness (braille computer displays) or deafness (voice commands). If you’re a computer whiz, this could be a great opportunity to put those skills to work, regardless of your disability.The salary: Computer support specialists make a median salary of $51,470 per year, or $24.75 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 12% by 2024, faster than average and increasing opportunities across the board for all types of computer support specialists.If any of these jobs don’t sound like quite the right fit for you, you might also want to consider going into business for yourself- after al l, what better way to put your unique skills and strengths to work? A fantastic example of this is Colette Divitto, whose booming cookie business shows the world that having Down Syndrome is not the professional limitation it once might have been. This is your career, and it’s up to you to seize your next great opportunity, regardless of disability or challenges. Good luck!

The Function and Role of the Chorus in Medea and Lysistrata Essay

The Function and Role of the Chorus in Medea and Lysistrata - Essay Example Euripides uses the chorus in a limited but important way. The chorus does not drive the action; indeed, the chorus is in many ways detached and, at times, almost physically helpless. The chorus, however, is an essential and meaningful element of the play. The chorus reacts to the action and expresses itself as an overarching conscience. The chorus expresses sympathy and understanding. The chorus expresses sadness and lamentations. Its perception of the main characters changes throughout the play, and these changes compel the reader to continuously reevaluate the main characters. In addition to these reevaluations, the chorus functions as a signifier of change in the play. The chorus is often used by Euripides to signify a further development in the play. In short, the chorus is intimately connected to the play, even though it is in many ways detached from the underlying action, and it functions to force deeper assessments of the main characters and to signify developments in the play . As an initial matter, the chorus in Medea is used to function as an overarching conscience and to compel the observer to reassess the main characters. ... This is a woman whom has been betrayed. Her wrath and her pain are justifiable. The chorus judges Medea the innocent victim, "for thou wilt be taking a just vengeance on thy husband, Medea. That thou shouldst mourn thy lot surprises me not." (Medea, 117). The chorus declares Medea oppressed and her husband perfidious. The nature of the revenge decided upon, and the breadth of victims, force changes in the opinion of the chorus. Medea's plan to poison her husband and his bride, as well as her subsequent killing of her sons, elicit a quite different reaction from the chorus. Indeed, when Medea reveals her plans to the chorus, it remarks, How then shall the city of sacred streams, the land that welcomes those it loves, receive thee, the murderess of thy children, thee whose presence with others is a pollution 'Think on the murder of thy children, consider the bloody deed thou takest on thee. Nay, by thy knees we, one and all, implore thee, slay not thy babes (Medea, 998). The chorus is recharacterizing Medea and being used by Euripides to explore both the nature of vengeance and the limits of justice. Medea is fairly motivated, but her plan goes beyond what the chorus deems moral and just. In the end, as the chorus witnesses Medea's killing of her sons, they remain outside of the action. They play no protective role bound by their oath not to intervene, and they witness the death struggle and the screams helplessly. They simply observe that, "Can there be any deed of horror left to follow this Woe for the wooing of women fraught with disaster!" (Medea, 1209). The chorus judges Jason and Medea excessive. The children are innocent victims. A vengeance, once

Term Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Term Project - Essay Example The Petronas Twin Towers are located in the centre of the city and are the property of an oil company owned by the government of Malaysia. The Petronas Twin Towers are 451.9 meters high in total starting from the street level. Excluding the pinnacle, the Petronas Twin Towers are 378 meters in height. The total area consumed by the Petronas Twin Towers is 341760 sq. meters. Each of the two twin towers has 10 escalators. Top of the Petronas Twin Tower (Leiter). The World Trade Center and the Chicago’s Sears Tower were the world’s tallest buildings before the Petronas Twin Towers were created. Each of the two towers is 21 ft taller as compared to the Chicago’s Sears Tower that has 110 stories in it. The Petronas Twin Towers were designed by Cesar Pelli. Cesar Pelli connected the Petronas Twin Towers with a skybridge that is located above the lower half of each tower. Each floor that is in the Petronas Twin Towers has been given a Star shape with eight corners. Total height of the Petronas Twin Towers is 1483 ft that makes them a total of 115 ft taller in comparison with the New York’s World Trade Center (â€Å"Dow Corning†). In the complex of the Petronas Twin Towers, there is a concert hall, offices and also, a grand shopping arcade which is spread over 5 stories. The Petronas Twin Towers are commonly referred to as the jewels of Kuala Lumpur. They have remained the world’s tallest structures for a considerable period of time from 1998 to 2004, and even now, they are the tallest towers in Malaysia. Petronas Twin Towers (wallpaperpimper.com). Project Information: Name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Designation Government of Malaysia †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Owner Samsumg Kukdong Jasatera J/V........ Contractor Cesar Pelli and Associates Ins†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Architect EdwinCon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mechanical Contr actor Material Examination: One of the primary drivers of this $800 million project is Johns Manville who has offered above 1.4 million sq ft. that makes part of the towers’ Permacote Linacoustic duct liner. The Petronas Twin Towers have been provided with fiber glass duct as well as pavilion at the base. Because of the Permacote Linacoustic duct liner, the Petronas Twin Towers have been provided with insulation that ensures improvement of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). This duct liner is particularly suitable for use in systems of air conditioning and ventilation. Use of this product improves the durability of the structure as a whole that is otherwise, threatened by high velocity of air and extreme temperatures. The Permacote Linacoustic duct liner (â€Å"Johns Manville†). Design and shape: There are 16 cylindrical high strength reinforced concrete (RCC) columns arranged in the form of a ring in each of the two towers’ core structures. Size of the col umn varies as they converge as they rise. At the lowest level, the columns’ diameter is 2.4 meters and it shrinks to 1.2 meters at the top (â€Å"Detailed Structural Analysis†). The columns are arranged on the outside corners which make the additional arcs of the star floor that is the quintessential Islamic architectural symbol. The final look of the towers is tapered because of the staging sequence of the columns’ slope, which is inwards in six increments. The core concrete walls along with the ring beams link the columns together. Design of the Petronas

Early Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 70

Early Civilizations - Essay Example The discovery of the Armana letters, a group of more than one thousand letters in the capital of the Egyptian empire, Akhenaten had great significance in the study of the early Egyptian civilization. The letters written by the Egyptian pharaohs were addressed to the leaders of the Hittite state while others were from the Hittites to the Egyptians thereby providing adequate evidence that despite the rudimentary form of life in the period, the two had effective modes of communication and had often interacted diplomatically. The letters proved that indeed, the earlier civilizations had effective archiving technologies capable of protecting their important documents for generations. Additionally, the discovery of the letters corroborated the existence of the arts at that time. It was artistic for the people to make inscriptions on stone tablets thereby serving as their letters and an effective mode of communication. Egypt, Syria, Babylon and  also Hittite were among the earliest empires and kingdoms in the world. While the first three had direct archeological evidence to prove their existence, the Hittite kingdom was discovered much later owing to the fact that they latter disintegrated into smaller Neo-Hittite states following a number of inversions of their kingdom. However, their discovery resulted from the discovery of the cuneiform texts around their capital in Hati. The Lords of the Hattusha were the rulers of the Hittite empire. They made important decisions concerning war and imposed taxes on their people. The Hittites had horses and created chariots which aided their military transportation. The Hittite won a number of battles especially under the leadership of the Suppiluliuma. The people innovatively made their chariots to resemble the Egyptian chariots only that they were smaller and therefore capable of moving faster than the Egyptian chariots, which besides their huge sizes had d ecorations most of which burdened their horses thereby slowing them down. The truce implied that each side accepted the terms negotiated for peace. However, the letters and cuneiform texts proved that both sides claimed victory; a political moved aimed at uniting the people of the different kingdoms under their respective leaderships.   

Analysing the bottled water industry

Analysing the bottled water industry Water is the one of the most important necessity for life. There are different drinking-water needs for individuals and they vary depending on the climate, physical activity and the body  culture of every individual. But for average consumers water need is estimated to be about two to four liters per day. The growing number of cases of water borne diseases, increasing water pollution, increasing urbanization,  increasing scarcity of pure and safe water etc has made the bottled water business just like other consumer items. Scarcity of potable and wholesome water at railway stations, tourists spots, and role of tourism corp. etc. has also added to the growth  Indians currently spending about $330m a year on bottled water, analysts estimate. The packaged water market constitutes 15 per cent of the overall packaged beverage industry, which has annual sales of at least $2.6bn, Deepak Jolly, a spokesperson for Coca-Cola India said.   President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has urged youngsters on July 17, 2010 to be aware of water conservation techniques to avoid grave water crisis in future.It is so sad that today, people are forced to buy water in plastic bottles The annual volume of the world bottled market of amounts to 109 billion liters, an average 17.5 liters of bottled water drunk yearly per person (Zenith International, International Council of Bottled Water Association, 2000). India ranks in the top 10 largest bottled water consumers in the world; its per capita per annum consumption of bottled water is estimated to be five liters Western Europeans are the major consumers, with an average of 93 liters/person/year. Asians presently consume the least. Thus there exists a vast potential market for bottled water in Asia. In India the value of bottled water industry is around Rs 1000 crore and its growing with the rate of about 40 percent annually (Business Today, 2001) and looking at the marketing potential many of the multinationals have entered the Indian market and has enhanced the marketing activity to tap the unexploited potential. Many of the brands compete in a very narrow market segments, comprising majorly upon the Travel, Tourism, Caterers, Restaurants, and Hospital segments and Meeting local demands. The attention is currently being focused on tapping the vast potential presented by entry into affluent / upper middle class households. The bottled water market share is majorly captured by Bisleri (51 per cent), Bailley (17 per cent), Yes (11 per cent) and Followed by Kinley (10 per cent) and Aquafina (4 per cent) (Source: BT Estimates June, 2001). In the natural mineral water sector Evian, Perrier, bisleri, and Himalayan are the major brands operating in India. According to a study conducte d at national-level, there are more than 200 bottled water brands in India and out of them nearly 80 per cent are local brands. Except in the metros, a bottled-water manufacturer was not to be found even in a one-room shop, between 1999 and 2004. The Indian bottled water market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25 per cent the highest in the world.  The total annual bottled water consumption in India turned to 5 billion  liters in 2004 from 1.5 billion liters earlier in1999.  Global consumption of bottled water was nearing  200 billion liters in 2006. The market leader is Bisleri International, which boasts a 40 per cent share. It is followed by Coca -Colas Kinley (around 25 per cent) and PepsiCos Aquafina (around 10 per cent).  The top players in bottled water industry in India are the major international giants like Coca cola, Pepsi, Nestle and noticeable presence of national players like Mount Everest, Manikchand, Kingfisher, Mohan Meakins, SKN Breweries , Indian Railways so on. PepsiCo India has prepared plan including, investment in capacity enhancement, packaging initiatives and below-the-line activities to pump up volumes in the over-crowded category. Meanwhile, India based Parle Agro is extending the manufacturing facility for  Bailley from 29 to 60 plants. The Indian packaged water industry will soon see a major tussle between Indian and international brands to gain market share.  Ã‚   major multinationals such as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have been trying from the past 10 years to capture the Indian bottled water marke t. Now finally they have captured a significant part of it. However, Parle Bisleri kept its market share of 40 percent. Kinley and Aquafina are fast moving up, with Kinley holding 20-25 per cent of the part and Aquafina approximately 10 per cent of the market. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY As we know bottled water is sold in a variety of packages: pouches and glasses, 330 ml bottles, 500 ml bottles, one- liter bottles and even 20- to 50-litre bulk water packs. The formal bottled water business in India can be divided broadly into three segments in terms of cost: premium natural mineral water, natural mineral water and packaged drinking water.   Premium natural mineral water includes brands such as Evian, San Pelligrino and Perrier, which are imported and priced between Rs.80 and Rs.110 a liter. Natural mineral water, with brands such as Himalayan and Catch, is priced around Rs.20 a liter. Packaged drinking water, which is nothing but treated water, is the biggest segment and includes brands such as Parle, Bisleri, Coca-Colas Kinley and PepsiCos Aquafina. They are priced in the range of Rs.10-12 a liter. THE OBJECTIVES To study the consumer behavior and adaptation towards packaged drinking water To study brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands To study the marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water brands To study the market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands As the consumption of mineral/packaged water is very high with our research we will try to understand various factors which our affecting customer behavior, study of different dependent and independent variables and application of suitable tests will help to compare and analyze the data and acquire the objectives and successful completion of research. 1.3 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY We are conducting this study in the purview of Indian context. We have undertaken study to compare few packaged drinking water brands in Delhi and NCR region Why bottled water? Millions of people, both in rural and urban India,  suffer from inadequate or no tap water supply.   Even some parts of Mumbai, the countrys financial capital,  get a mere two hours of daily water supply.  The growing number of cases of water borne diseases, increasing water pollution, increasing urbanization,  increasing scarcity of pure and safe water etc. has made the bottled water business just like other consumer items  Bottled water  has been treated by distillation, reverse osmosis, or other suitable process and that meets the definition of purified water.   The bottled water treatments include:     *  Distillation.  In this process, water is turned into a vapor. Since minerals are too heavy to vaporize, they are left behind, and the vapors are condensed into water again.   *  Reverse osmosis.  Ã‚  Water is forced through membranes to remove minerals in the water.   *  Absolute 1 micron filtration.  Ã‚   Water flows through filters that remove particles larger than one micron in size, such as Cryptosporidium, a parasitic protozoan.   *  Ozonation.   Bottlers of all types of waters typically use ozone gas, an antimicrobial agent, to disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor to the water. In India around 100 companies sell an estimated 424 million liters of bottled water valued at around Rs 200 crore in the country annually. Most bottlers claim that their water is 100 per cent bacteria-free and contains minerals  that make it tastier and healthier. But is the water in these bottles really safe to drink? Do they conform to international or national standards?   To find out, the Ahmadabad-based Consumer Education and Research Society (CERS), an independent non-profit institution with a sophisticated product-testing laboratory, recently carried out a detailed study on 13 major brands of bottled water available in the country. The national brands Bisleri (separate samples were taken from their units in Bangalore, Ghaziabad, Calcutta and Baroda) and Bailley (Mumbai and Surat) were selected on the basis of their dominant position in the overall market. Bisil (Mehsana), Golden Eagle (Chennai), Aquaspa (Mumbai),Saiganga (Ahmednagar), Nirantar (Thane), Tirupthi (Chennai) and Yes (Nadiad) were included because of their regional popularity. To conform to international standards for such testing, 21 bottles of each brand were  tested in the CERS laboratory against analytical and sensory  parameters as well as for microbiological contamination. To ensure fairness, the results were sent to the individual companies for their comments 1.4 BACKGROUND In India For the product certification BIS have a scheme licenses are being grated to manufacturers who wish to claim that their bottled water brand is up to the Indian standards. It enables manufacturers to use popularly known ISI mark under BIS Act 1986 after that On September 29, 2000 the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued a notification [No. 759 (E), effective from 29.3.2001]. An amendment to the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules 1954, the BIS certification Mark is now mandatory for packaged drinking water and packaged natural mineral water according to BIS water filled in hermetically sealed containers of various compositions, form, and capacities that is suitable for direct consumption without further treatment. It is subjected to treatment: decantation, filtration, and combination of filtration, aeration, filtration with membrane filters, depth filter, cartridge filter, activated carbon filtration, and demineralization. It is disinfected to a level that wil l not lead to harmful contamination in the drinking water. There are Separate standards have been formulated by BIS for packaged drinking water (IS14543: 98) and for packaged natural mineral water (IS 13428:98). These standards give parameters to be tested and the requirements to be met in respective category of packaged water. According to BIS natural mineral water is different from packaged drinking water it is obtained directly from natural or drilled sources like spring artesian well, drilled well or from an underground water-bearing strata for which all possible precautions should be taken within the protected perimeters to avoid any pollution of, or external influence on, the chemical and physical qualities. It is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their relative proportion and the presence of certain trace elements of. It is required to be collected under conditions, which guarantee the original Natural bacteriological purity and chemical composition of essential components and is bottled at the point of emergence of the source under hygienic conditions. First ever bottled water in India under the name Bisleri was first introduced in Mumbai by Bisleri Ltd., a company of Italian origin in 1965. This company was started by Signor Felice  who first brought the idea of selling bo ttled water in India. Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. In 1969 and started bottling Mineral water in  glass bottles under the brand name Bisleri. Later Parle switched over to PVC non- returnable bottles and finally advanced to PET containers. Since 1995 Mr.Ramesh J. Chauhan has started expanding Bisleri operations substantially and the turnover has multiplied more than 20 times over a period of 10 years and the average growth rate has been around 40% over this period. Presently it has 8 plants and 11 franchisees all over India. Bisleri command a 60% market share of the organized market. To disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor to the water. To disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor of the chlorine and however it can be noted that retailers prefer Bisleri because people recall bottle water with name Bisleri. The FDA also classifies some bottled water according to its origin. Artesian well water: Water from a well that taps an aquiferlayers of porous rock, sand and earth that contain waterwhich is under pressure from surrounding upper layers of rock or clay.   Mineral water: Water from an underground source that contains at least 250 parts per million total dissolved solids. Minerals and trace elements must come from the source of the underground water. They cannot be added later. Spring water: Derived from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the earths surface. Spring water must be collected only at the spring or through a borehole tapping the underground formation feeding the spring. If some external force is used to collect the water through a borehole, the water must have the same composition and quality as the water that naturally flows to the surface.   Well water: Water from a hole bored or drilled into the ground, which taps into an aquifer. Tap Water: Some bottled water also comes from municipal sourcesin other wordsthe tap. Municipal water is usually treated before it is bottled. CHAPTER2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE FDA defines bottle water as water that is intended for human consumption and that is sales in bottle or other containers, with no added ingredients except that may contain safe and suitable antimicrobial agents In the year 1980 we  were able to see more changes by introduction of a tap attachment where Iodine resin was used to filter the water. Iodine deactivates the microbiological impurities to a great extent but with this it also has side effects due to iodine and does not take care of dissolved impurities mineral balance. In the same year Late 1980s it was visible that  Ultra Violet  based purifier, which filters dust and deactivates bacteria to a much greater extent as compared to Iodine. U.V. based purifiers maintain the odor and color of water but even they do not clear out the dissolved impurities and mineral particles. Thus came the concept of mineral water. Reporting requirements are significantly less stringent for bottled water facilities and allow the industry much latitude in assessing risks as well as make assessment of compliance difficult. A regulation body was set in place to periodically and systematically collect, compile, and assess complied statistical Information and was provided by the international Bottled water association (IBWA) on the bottled water industry. The IBWA has set the current annual market for bottled water at about two billion gallons. Wells and natural springs are the main sources for 75 percent of bottled water and for rest the source is the municipal water supplies. Wells and springs are considered to be the sources from ground water. There are different regulation, rules and laws for different counties. For example there is a regulation in the United States, that whenever bottled water is being sourced from community water source then the label of bottle should mention this clearly so it is easily seen and recognizable. However in other case if the water is subjected to distillation, deionization or reverse osmosis then it can be categorized that way and then there is no need to mention the source. As we know Ground water passes through igneous rocks due to which very small quantities of mineral matter gets dissolved as we know this is because of the relative insolubility of the rock composition. Sedimentary rocks as compared are more soluble than the igneous rocks. Because of their higher solubility, they combined with greater abundance in the earths crust; they contribute a major portion of the soluble constituents of ground water (Todd, 1959). In areas recharging large volumes of water underground such as alluvial streams or artificial recharge areas, the quality of the infiltrating surface water can have intensive effect on the ground water. Salts are added to ground water passing through soils by soluble products of soil weathering and of erosion by rainfall and flowing water. Excess irrigation water percolating to the water table may contribute substantial quantities of salt (Todd, 1959) Qureshi and Barrett-Lennard (1998) reported that out of 560,000 tube-wells in the Indus Basin, about 70% of them are pumping sodic water. Thus use of sodic water has in turn affected the soil health and decreased the crop yield. It further concludes that the geographic conditions of the area may contaminate the underground water. However, the source of origin of ground water as well as its recharge is of great importance for bottling companies as to maintain the water standard. Jeffrey Smith.B. (2009) (Providing clean and safe drinking water is a major challenge not only in India but also globally.)As the contamination of drinking water has increased so the supplies and shortages due to overuse has put substantial stress not only on the portability of this resource but also on its availability to the growing global population. Because packaged water provides an important source of potable water for the Indian population, it is important for all the stakeholders to review and discuss best practices, so that working together; the Indian population can have confidence in the packaged drinking water. Mayers Michael (2007) said that (Consumers are profiled in terms of demographics and variations by region.) He also discussed what motivates consumers to pay more n more for bottled water, than they do for the water that is available from their household tap.  Improvements have been made with regard to the taste and health related qualities of products.   In 1958 the international bottle water association (IBWA) came in picture which was a trade association of water procedure, distributers, and suppliers activities include technical relation government relations and communication. E Selman n.keith (2005) conducted a survey which revealed that the data collected on bottled water production, specifically the production from the ground water, the primary source of bottled water relative to other uses of ground water, bottled water production was found to moderate uses of ground water. In Feb. 1999, drinking water foundation, The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) issued a report by the title of Bottle Water: Pure Drink Pure Type? in which they raised numerous wrong allegations against bottled water. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES 3.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Convenience and quality have made the aspect of packaged drinking water quite familiar. There are quite a few numbers of brands marketing their packaged drinking water, and the variety of the same is also mushrooming with the introduction of various styles viz., bottled, bubble top, and so on. But with the number of brands influencing the purchase pattern, there comes the threat on domestic brands, hence a research has been carried over to analyze few brands of packaged drinking water to understand a) The consumer behavior and adaptation of packaged drinking water, b) The brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands, c) The marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water brands, and, d) The market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands. 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN Simply put, a research design is the blueprint for a study that guides the collection and analysis of data. The survey research approach was used in this project, saimple cause being that the consumers feedback was absolute for obtaining the data. A research project, initially, needs a basic preparation regarding the issues related to topic selected. For this one needs to do some deskwork. Deskwork includes: Determining the basic objectives of the study being pursued. Collation of secondary data related to the topic from sources like the internet, magazines newspapers. Studying the market, which one wants to cover? Analyzing the objectives on the basis of second hand data collected. The above mentioned activities at the initial stage of the project must be completed then the main part would be focused upon. 3.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Each of our objectives has to be converted into certain questions in the questionnaire. The research objective will only be fulfilled if we are able to do this conversion successfully and effectively. The objectives of our research are: To study the consumer behavior and adaptation towards packaged drinking water. The concerned research question corresponding to this objective are: What type of water do you prefer to drink? Mineral Water Filtered Water How frequently do you drink mineral water? Always Sometimes Often You drink mineral water because it is: Safe/Bacteria Free Handy/Portable When feeling thirsty you choose mineral water over soft drink? Always Often Sometimes Never Rank the following parameters as per your preference while purchasing mineral water. Brand Quality Price Availability To study brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Which brand do you prefer while buying mineral water? Bisleri Kinley Himalaya Qua Rate these brands on the factors given below( 1=bad; 5=excellent) Factors Bisleri Kinley Himalaya Qua Taste Price Availability Brand Packaging To study the marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Does advertising of the product have any effect on your purchase? Yes No What size of packaged water do you usually prefer? 500ml 1 ltr 5ltr 20 ltr To study the market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Where do you buy bottled drinking water from? Metro/Railway Station Bus Stand Local Vendors Office/School Cafeteria Retail Outlets 3.4 PARTICIPANTS Population of the study: the group of individual to be studied. Our population of the study covered the region of Delhi/NCR. Sample size: We had taken a sample size of 100 consumers who were our respondents. They were selected by simple random sampling, due to the fact that in this case systematic sampling is not possible, cause one cannot say whether a person is using mineral water or not. Sampling technique: Simple Random sampling technique has been used in this project. In simple random sampling each unit of the population stands an equal chance of being selected in the sample size. Each unit has the same probability of being selected i.e. 1/N. PROFESSION % OF POPULATION IT/ITES 10% SPORTS/TRAINER 5% HOSPITALITY 15% MANAGEMENT 15% STUDENT 40% OTHERS 15% 3.5 DATA COLLECTION One of the most basic differentiation is between collecting primary data or secondary data. Secondary data collection is any information we may have used, but which has not been specifically collected for the current marketing research. But marketing research typically requires a lot of current data that is not available through the secondary means. The methodology used for the secondary data that is already collected may be unknown thus validity and reliability of the data is not known. Primary data collection is the data that is collected specifically for the project undertaken from the real respondents such as consumers, dealers, and other people associated to the research. In our project we have used primary data collection method through questionnaire from the consumers. We had circulated the questionnaire online as well as manually. 3.6 INSTRUMENTATION Mode Of Survey The consumers had to fill up our questionnaire , which was our instrument of survey. While pursuing the research, structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions were used. Structured Questions: they improve the reliability of the study, by ensuring that every respondent is asked the same questions. Structured answers: structuring or standardizing answers which the respondent can choose from in a questionnaire also achieves consistency of form. Additionally, it makes the interpretation of answers, analysis and tabulation, easier than in the case of unstructured answers. Closed-ended questions: questions which structure the possible answers beforehand are known as closed-ended questions. Preparing the questionnaire The questionnaire was prepared keeping in mind the objectives that we had laid down for the project. Each objective had had a set of questions lined up. The questionnaire followed the funnel approach i.e. the questionnaire follows a sequence starting with the general questions first and with more specific and personal questions later on to avoid specific questions biasing the general questions. A close end questionnaire was prepared by us for the same purpose, to be filled by the consumer. We have used the following types of questions in our questionnaire, Dichotomous questions Multiple choice questions Rating questions Ranking questions Semantic differential questions etc. 3.7 PILOT STUDY A pilot study is a pre-study of your fuller study. It can also be referred to as a miniature study of the project. In order to improve the macro picture, it is to a feasibility study, a small experiment designed to gather logistics and information prior to a larger study in order to improve the latters efficiency and quality. A pilot study will reveal deficiencies in the design, if any, of the proposed experiment or procedures and these can then be rectified before a larger picture is painted using more efforts and resources. Generally a pilot study is miniscule in front of the whole experiment, and therefore would provide only limited information on the sources and magnitude of variation of response measures. In our project we carried out a pilot study on 20 consumers as respondents. Our selection was again through simple random sampling. The pilot study helped us in the restructuring of certain questions lacking the simplicity and effectiveness of a survey. Through this pilot study we could make the appropriate and necessary changes in our research instrument on time rather than after completing the research paper. 3.8 DATA ANALYSIS After collection of data another work necessary for any data collector is to correctly analyze that data. Statistical tools helped us to correctly analyze the data. The statistical tool that we have used in our project is SPSS software. SPSS(originally, statistical package for social sciences) was released in its first version in 1968 after being developed by Norman H. Nie and C. Hadlai Hull. Statistics included in the basic software: Descriptive Statistics: Cross Tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptive, Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics Bivariate Statistics: Mean, T-Test, Anova, Correlation( Bivariate, Partial, Distances), Non Parametric Tests Prediction for numerical outcomes: Linear Regression. Prediction for identifying groups: Factor Analysis; Cluster Analysis(Two-Step, K-Means, Hierarchical), Discriminant. The statistical tools used in the project are: Attribut Based Perceptual Mapping Using Discriminant Analysis Discriminant Analysis Anova Correlation 3.9 LIMITATIONS Every project report has limitations, our project which was Comparative Study Of Few Packaged Drinking Water Brands also faced certain limitations. We observed the following limitations: The sample size of our project i.e 100 respondents was too small in comparison to the population. Too small a sample would have affected the reliability of the finding from the research. The data collection was done in some parts of delhi and noida . the project was generalized for the entire delhi/ncr region. There might have been biasness on the part of the respondents. 3.10 SUMMARY Research methodology and procedures are the most important part of a project report. The finding and the result of the research depends upon the methods used, the data collection, the research questions, the data analysis tools used. The final objective of a research is to achieve what it was meant to achieve. The conversion of the objectives into the questionnaire and ultimately the findings from the research is the core of the research project. CHAPTER 4 : DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 REVIEW METHODOLOGY Quantitative data collection The valuable data for the research has been taken from the given source; Primary data . The data was collected from: 1.a Customer Surveys A carefully structured questionnaire used to measure customer attitudes, levels of perception, intentions to purchase etc. 1.b The questionnaires have been filled online and through personal interview. Instrument 2.a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Qualitative findings helped us to effectively phrase and position questions and eliminate ambiguity (in questionnaire/survey) by providing a platform to better understand brand preference, brand equity, marketing strategies and consumer behavior. The findings that emerged from the above mentioned research methods are crucial in assessing our objectives. 4.2 FINDINGS Through One Way Anova we came to know that the frequency of purchase of packaged mineral water by the consumer does not converge significantly on the consumers income. Whereas the consumption quantity of packaged mineral water by the consumer converges significantly on the income of the consumer. This helps us in understanding price sensitivity of the consumer while deciding the quantity of consumption of packaged drinking water Bisleri the brand has a strongest brand equity which attributes to its success in comparison to its other attributes like price, packaging ,taste and availability .The unstandardised discriminant f