Exploration Conflict Essays - American Culture,

Exploration Conflict "Human life is reduced to real suffering, to hell, only when two ages, two cultures and religions, overlap." Stated by Albreight Von Haller. Human life, during the discovery of the new world was reduced to real suffering. When the European explorers came across the seas, they brought their own thoughts, beliefs, and ways of life, while the natives already held a strong history and independent civilization. Native Americans and the Europeans conflicted culturally with their religious beliefs, militarily, and their interpretations of land. The religious beliefs of the European explorers were completely from the bible. God made man and gave him complete control, as shown here in the book of Genesis 1:26. "Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let him rule over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground."" The Europeans thought of the native peoples as heathens or non believers because they did not believe in the Christian God. In one instance the Spanish Explorers forced native Americans to give up their own religious customs. Barbra Mcall the author of The European Invasion describes how the Pueblo people were forbidden to worship the Great Spirit in ways they had done for centuries. The Indian people conducted ceremonies and other traditional activities in secret, until the Spanish found out about the secret gatherings. As a consequence the pueblo people were brutally beaten and even burnt at the stake. Another way the Europeans and natives conflicted was militarily. The Europeans came from a much more advanced society. During exploration they traveled with many men and better weapons than the Indians. In the 1500's, when exploration to the new land first started there were more than 1 million native people living here, by the end of the 1800's their population had reduced to an estimated 200,000 people, a fact from The Invasion Within, written by James Axtell The concept of land is one more example of the differences between the natives, and the European explorers. Native Americans believed the land and its riches were gifts from the Great Spirit and should be treated with the utmost respect. Tzvetan Todorov talks about the Indian perspective in her book The Conquest of America, saying. The idea of owning land had been unknown to the Native Americans, many chiefs signed treaties of land ownership to the settlers, but did not comprehend what was meant by the agreement.. While the settlers used these treaties as legal rites to alter the land, and kill the animals. These misunderstandings grew into bigger problems, and even battles. Thus, the native Americans and the European explorers had many cultural confrontations. Throughout history there were some examples of cooperation among the Indians and settlers. The Indians taught the settlers how to grow maize and live off the land better. Settlers showed the Indians many things and even brought over the first horse to the Indians. Although there were some examples of cooperation, generally speaking the American Indians were invaded and treated very poorly because they were misunderstood. More important is the ethical question Tzvetan Todorov raises, "How should one behave with representatives of other cultures? Can we accept them as different, yet equal and worthy of respect?" Even in today's society we pray we will be able to learn from other cultures instead of ignorance and prejudice. Even today it is still hard to accept people with different ideas and different cultures. Hopefully, we will learn from the European invasion of the Indians, and try to accept other cultures as worthy of respect.

These Are The Best Jobs for People With Disabilities

These Are The Best Jobs for People With Disabilities Ever since the Americans with Disabilities Act passed in 1990, it’s illegal for employers to discriminate against employees based on mental or physical disability. This means that no employer is allowed to make hiring decisions about qualified candidates who have disabilities- and in fact, they’re not even allowed to ask about a person’s disability status. Changes  have been made to strengthen the law, extending the types of disabilities covered. And additional legislation, like the â€Å"Final Rule† of Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, amended in 2014, requires any company or agency connected to the federal government to aim for 7% of their workforce made up of employees who are differently abled.So what does all of this mean for your own job search if you happen to have a disability, like nearly one-fifth of America’s adult population? For starters, it means that you should expect to help create a level field for yourself. Employers are not allowed to use your disability as a reason not to hire you, if you’re otherwise qualified for a position- so it’s on you to make sure you are presenting your strongest qualifications.Tips for Your Job SearchBe confident. Although it may feel sometimes like your disability puts you at a disadvantage against others who may not have the same challenges, you want to go into the process full steam ahead, knowing that you bring valuable skills and experience to this new opportunity. Your disability doesn’t necessarily define you or your career, so make sure you’re emphasizing your best self. A positive attitude is one of your best assets in any job hunt, so make sure you’re giving yourself that advantage.Don’t offer more information than you need to. You don’t need to talk in-depth about any disabilities or necessary accommodations up front in an interview. The employer isn’t allowed to ask. Still, you may need to make certa in disclosures up front, or they may just be apparent to the interviewer. For example, if you use a wheelchair for mobility, this will be noticed. You are not, however, obligated to go into details about any conditions you have, or your history. Unfortunately, assumptions may be made about your ability to do a job (human nature being what it is), but you can help offset this by revealing only the most necessary information about your challenges, and shifting the focus to your strengths as a candidate.Focus on what you can do. If you have mobility issues, you can talk about how you use accommodations or tools to get from one place to another, and emphasize your stellar history of being on time. This is especially important if the job involves travel between places. If you have vision or hearing impairments, you can talk about processes you’ve come up with to manage (and excel at) tasks related to your job. This is a good chance to show off your problem solving skills, and show ing how you’ve faced and gotten past challenges. Interviewers love detailed, real-life examples that show how you’d approach problem solving on the job, so this is a chance to be proactive and take control of that narrative.Get all the information you can. There are lots of great resources for job hunters who happen to have disabilities. Make sure you’re armed with this info before you even start your job search, so you know what to expect, and what is okay/not okay as you look for your next job.You want to target your job search as much as possible, so that you can find a job where you’re able to succeed, grow, and be happy. For example, if you have mobility issues, a job that requires constant movement, or a lot of outdoor terrain, may not be ideal, so a desk-based job in an accessible building would be more suitable. Or if you have Asperger’s or an autism-spectrum disorder, a field where social interaction is limited might be the right choice- r uling out jobs like being a receptionist or salesperson, where social interactions make up the bulk of the work day.It’s about finding a job that plays to your strengths and skills, while also working with your disabilities to the extent that you’re comfortable and able to do what you need to do.Fastest-Growing Jobs  to ConsiderLet’s look at some of the fastest-growing jobs that work well for people with disabilities.Pharmaceutical Sales RepresentativeThe job: These sales reps work for pharmaceutical companies, selling products and devices to healthcare professionals who then use them for treating patients. If you have physical or medical disabilities, it can actually give you an edge if you’re not just a seller of these products, but also a beneficiary of them. It gives you an extra layer of expertise. This position typically requires a bachelor’s degree, because of the science and medical knowledge involved in the products, but no advance train ing beyond some on-the-job training.The salary: Pharmaceutical representatives make a median salary of $59,080 per year, or $28.41 per hour.The outlook: This is a field that continues to grow, as the medical needs of the population grow, and technology offers more varied treatments. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 7% by 2024.Accountant/AuditorThe job: Accountants and auditors work for large firms, examining and analyzing financial records. According to CareerCast, large accounting firms like PriceWaterhouseCoopers are among the top employers of people with disabilities. To become an accountant or auditor, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree in the field, as well as strong math and finance skills.The salary: Accountants and auditors make a median salary of $67,190 per year, or $32.20 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 11% by 2024.Vocational CounselorThe job: Twist! You’d be helping other people find employment, especially other people with disabilities or who face challenges in getting into the workforce. Because disabled people face an unemployment rate nearly double the national average, counselors who help people build job skills and advise on related legal and social issues.The salary: Accountants and auditors make a median salary of $56,490 per year, or $27.16 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 19% by 2024.Management ConsultantThe job: With greater opportunities in the job market in general, companies need advice and perspective on how to reach out to the disabled community, as well as insight into creating accommodations for disabled employees. For this kind of role, you should have a bachelor’s degree and a strong business background.The salary: Management consultants make a median salary of $81,320 per year, or $39.10 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expec ts that this field will grow 14% by 2024, as companies look for ways to diversify.Computer Support SpecialistThe job: Computer support specialists are IT professionals who manage and support computer hardware or networks for companies. Because the work is computer-based, electronic accommodations can be made for people with disabilities like blindness (braille computer displays) or deafness (voice commands). If you’re a computer whiz, this could be a great opportunity to put those skills to work, regardless of your disability.The salary: Computer support specialists make a median salary of $51,470 per year, or $24.75 per hour.The outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects that this field will grow 12% by 2024, faster than average and increasing opportunities across the board for all types of computer support specialists.If any of these jobs don’t sound like quite the right fit for you, you might also want to consider going into business for yourself- after al l, what better way to put your unique skills and strengths to work? A fantastic example of this is Colette Divitto, whose booming cookie business shows the world that having Down Syndrome is not the professional limitation it once might have been. This is your career, and it’s up to you to seize your next great opportunity, regardless of disability or challenges. Good luck!

The Function and Role of the Chorus in Medea and Lysistrata Essay

The Function and Role of the Chorus in Medea and Lysistrata - Essay Example Euripides uses the chorus in a limited but important way. The chorus does not drive the action; indeed, the chorus is in many ways detached and, at times, almost physically helpless. The chorus, however, is an essential and meaningful element of the play. The chorus reacts to the action and expresses itself as an overarching conscience. The chorus expresses sympathy and understanding. The chorus expresses sadness and lamentations. Its perception of the main characters changes throughout the play, and these changes compel the reader to continuously reevaluate the main characters. In addition to these reevaluations, the chorus functions as a signifier of change in the play. The chorus is often used by Euripides to signify a further development in the play. In short, the chorus is intimately connected to the play, even though it is in many ways detached from the underlying action, and it functions to force deeper assessments of the main characters and to signify developments in the play . As an initial matter, the chorus in Medea is used to function as an overarching conscience and to compel the observer to reassess the main characters. ... This is a woman whom has been betrayed. Her wrath and her pain are justifiable. The chorus judges Medea the innocent victim, "for thou wilt be taking a just vengeance on thy husband, Medea. That thou shouldst mourn thy lot surprises me not." (Medea, 117). The chorus declares Medea oppressed and her husband perfidious. The nature of the revenge decided upon, and the breadth of victims, force changes in the opinion of the chorus. Medea's plan to poison her husband and his bride, as well as her subsequent killing of her sons, elicit a quite different reaction from the chorus. Indeed, when Medea reveals her plans to the chorus, it remarks, How then shall the city of sacred streams, the land that welcomes those it loves, receive thee, the murderess of thy children, thee whose presence with others is a pollution 'Think on the murder of thy children, consider the bloody deed thou takest on thee. Nay, by thy knees we, one and all, implore thee, slay not thy babes (Medea, 998). The chorus is recharacterizing Medea and being used by Euripides to explore both the nature of vengeance and the limits of justice. Medea is fairly motivated, but her plan goes beyond what the chorus deems moral and just. In the end, as the chorus witnesses Medea's killing of her sons, they remain outside of the action. They play no protective role bound by their oath not to intervene, and they witness the death struggle and the screams helplessly. They simply observe that, "Can there be any deed of horror left to follow this Woe for the wooing of women fraught with disaster!" (Medea, 1209). The chorus judges Jason and Medea excessive. The children are innocent victims. A vengeance, once

Term Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Term Project - Essay Example The Petronas Twin Towers are located in the centre of the city and are the property of an oil company owned by the government of Malaysia. The Petronas Twin Towers are 451.9 meters high in total starting from the street level. Excluding the pinnacle, the Petronas Twin Towers are 378 meters in height. The total area consumed by the Petronas Twin Towers is 341760 sq. meters. Each of the two twin towers has 10 escalators. Top of the Petronas Twin Tower (Leiter). The World Trade Center and the Chicago’s Sears Tower were the world’s tallest buildings before the Petronas Twin Towers were created. Each of the two towers is 21 ft taller as compared to the Chicago’s Sears Tower that has 110 stories in it. The Petronas Twin Towers were designed by Cesar Pelli. Cesar Pelli connected the Petronas Twin Towers with a skybridge that is located above the lower half of each tower. Each floor that is in the Petronas Twin Towers has been given a Star shape with eight corners. Total height of the Petronas Twin Towers is 1483 ft that makes them a total of 115 ft taller in comparison with the New York’s World Trade Center (â€Å"Dow Corning†). In the complex of the Petronas Twin Towers, there is a concert hall, offices and also, a grand shopping arcade which is spread over 5 stories. The Petronas Twin Towers are commonly referred to as the jewels of Kuala Lumpur. They have remained the world’s tallest structures for a considerable period of time from 1998 to 2004, and even now, they are the tallest towers in Malaysia. Petronas Twin Towers (wallpaperpimper.com). Project Information: Name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Designation Government of Malaysia †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Owner Samsumg Kukdong Jasatera J/V........ Contractor Cesar Pelli and Associates Ins†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Architect EdwinCon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mechanical Contr actor Material Examination: One of the primary drivers of this $800 million project is Johns Manville who has offered above 1.4 million sq ft. that makes part of the towers’ Permacote Linacoustic duct liner. The Petronas Twin Towers have been provided with fiber glass duct as well as pavilion at the base. Because of the Permacote Linacoustic duct liner, the Petronas Twin Towers have been provided with insulation that ensures improvement of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). This duct liner is particularly suitable for use in systems of air conditioning and ventilation. Use of this product improves the durability of the structure as a whole that is otherwise, threatened by high velocity of air and extreme temperatures. The Permacote Linacoustic duct liner (â€Å"Johns Manville†). Design and shape: There are 16 cylindrical high strength reinforced concrete (RCC) columns arranged in the form of a ring in each of the two towers’ core structures. Size of the col umn varies as they converge as they rise. At the lowest level, the columns’ diameter is 2.4 meters and it shrinks to 1.2 meters at the top (â€Å"Detailed Structural Analysis†). The columns are arranged on the outside corners which make the additional arcs of the star floor that is the quintessential Islamic architectural symbol. The final look of the towers is tapered because of the staging sequence of the columns’ slope, which is inwards in six increments. The core concrete walls along with the ring beams link the columns together. Design of the Petronas

Early Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 70

Early Civilizations - Essay Example The discovery of the Armana letters, a group of more than one thousand letters in the capital of the Egyptian empire, Akhenaten had great significance in the study of the early Egyptian civilization. The letters written by the Egyptian pharaohs were addressed to the leaders of the Hittite state while others were from the Hittites to the Egyptians thereby providing adequate evidence that despite the rudimentary form of life in the period, the two had effective modes of communication and had often interacted diplomatically. The letters proved that indeed, the earlier civilizations had effective archiving technologies capable of protecting their important documents for generations. Additionally, the discovery of the letters corroborated the existence of the arts at that time. It was artistic for the people to make inscriptions on stone tablets thereby serving as their letters and an effective mode of communication. Egypt, Syria, Babylon and  also Hittite were among the earliest empires and kingdoms in the world. While the first three had direct archeological evidence to prove their existence, the Hittite kingdom was discovered much later owing to the fact that they latter disintegrated into smaller Neo-Hittite states following a number of inversions of their kingdom. However, their discovery resulted from the discovery of the cuneiform texts around their capital in Hati. The Lords of the Hattusha were the rulers of the Hittite empire. They made important decisions concerning war and imposed taxes on their people. The Hittites had horses and created chariots which aided their military transportation. The Hittite won a number of battles especially under the leadership of the Suppiluliuma. The people innovatively made their chariots to resemble the Egyptian chariots only that they were smaller and therefore capable of moving faster than the Egyptian chariots, which besides their huge sizes had d ecorations most of which burdened their horses thereby slowing them down. The truce implied that each side accepted the terms negotiated for peace. However, the letters and cuneiform texts proved that both sides claimed victory; a political moved aimed at uniting the people of the different kingdoms under their respective leaderships.   

Analysing the bottled water industry

Analysing the bottled water industry Water is the one of the most important necessity for life. There are different drinking-water needs for individuals and they vary depending on the climate, physical activity and the body  culture of every individual. But for average consumers water need is estimated to be about two to four liters per day. The growing number of cases of water borne diseases, increasing water pollution, increasing urbanization,  increasing scarcity of pure and safe water etc has made the bottled water business just like other consumer items. Scarcity of potable and wholesome water at railway stations, tourists spots, and role of tourism corp. etc. has also added to the growth  Indians currently spending about $330m a year on bottled water, analysts estimate. The packaged water market constitutes 15 per cent of the overall packaged beverage industry, which has annual sales of at least $2.6bn, Deepak Jolly, a spokesperson for Coca-Cola India said.   President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has urged youngsters on July 17, 2010 to be aware of water conservation techniques to avoid grave water crisis in future.It is so sad that today, people are forced to buy water in plastic bottles The annual volume of the world bottled market of amounts to 109 billion liters, an average 17.5 liters of bottled water drunk yearly per person (Zenith International, International Council of Bottled Water Association, 2000). India ranks in the top 10 largest bottled water consumers in the world; its per capita per annum consumption of bottled water is estimated to be five liters Western Europeans are the major consumers, with an average of 93 liters/person/year. Asians presently consume the least. Thus there exists a vast potential market for bottled water in Asia. In India the value of bottled water industry is around Rs 1000 crore and its growing with the rate of about 40 percent annually (Business Today, 2001) and looking at the marketing potential many of the multinationals have entered the Indian market and has enhanced the marketing activity to tap the unexploited potential. Many of the brands compete in a very narrow market segments, comprising majorly upon the Travel, Tourism, Caterers, Restaurants, and Hospital segments and Meeting local demands. The attention is currently being focused on tapping the vast potential presented by entry into affluent / upper middle class households. The bottled water market share is majorly captured by Bisleri (51 per cent), Bailley (17 per cent), Yes (11 per cent) and Followed by Kinley (10 per cent) and Aquafina (4 per cent) (Source: BT Estimates June, 2001). In the natural mineral water sector Evian, Perrier, bisleri, and Himalayan are the major brands operating in India. According to a study conducte d at national-level, there are more than 200 bottled water brands in India and out of them nearly 80 per cent are local brands. Except in the metros, a bottled-water manufacturer was not to be found even in a one-room shop, between 1999 and 2004. The Indian bottled water market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25 per cent the highest in the world.  The total annual bottled water consumption in India turned to 5 billion  liters in 2004 from 1.5 billion liters earlier in1999.  Global consumption of bottled water was nearing  200 billion liters in 2006. The market leader is Bisleri International, which boasts a 40 per cent share. It is followed by Coca -Colas Kinley (around 25 per cent) and PepsiCos Aquafina (around 10 per cent).  The top players in bottled water industry in India are the major international giants like Coca cola, Pepsi, Nestle and noticeable presence of national players like Mount Everest, Manikchand, Kingfisher, Mohan Meakins, SKN Breweries , Indian Railways so on. PepsiCo India has prepared plan including, investment in capacity enhancement, packaging initiatives and below-the-line activities to pump up volumes in the over-crowded category. Meanwhile, India based Parle Agro is extending the manufacturing facility for  Bailley from 29 to 60 plants. The Indian packaged water industry will soon see a major tussle between Indian and international brands to gain market share.  Ã‚   major multinationals such as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have been trying from the past 10 years to capture the Indian bottled water marke t. Now finally they have captured a significant part of it. However, Parle Bisleri kept its market share of 40 percent. Kinley and Aquafina are fast moving up, with Kinley holding 20-25 per cent of the part and Aquafina approximately 10 per cent of the market. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY As we know bottled water is sold in a variety of packages: pouches and glasses, 330 ml bottles, 500 ml bottles, one- liter bottles and even 20- to 50-litre bulk water packs. The formal bottled water business in India can be divided broadly into three segments in terms of cost: premium natural mineral water, natural mineral water and packaged drinking water.   Premium natural mineral water includes brands such as Evian, San Pelligrino and Perrier, which are imported and priced between Rs.80 and Rs.110 a liter. Natural mineral water, with brands such as Himalayan and Catch, is priced around Rs.20 a liter. Packaged drinking water, which is nothing but treated water, is the biggest segment and includes brands such as Parle, Bisleri, Coca-Colas Kinley and PepsiCos Aquafina. They are priced in the range of Rs.10-12 a liter. THE OBJECTIVES To study the consumer behavior and adaptation towards packaged drinking water To study brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands To study the marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water brands To study the market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands As the consumption of mineral/packaged water is very high with our research we will try to understand various factors which our affecting customer behavior, study of different dependent and independent variables and application of suitable tests will help to compare and analyze the data and acquire the objectives and successful completion of research. 1.3 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY We are conducting this study in the purview of Indian context. We have undertaken study to compare few packaged drinking water brands in Delhi and NCR region Why bottled water? Millions of people, both in rural and urban India,  suffer from inadequate or no tap water supply.   Even some parts of Mumbai, the countrys financial capital,  get a mere two hours of daily water supply.  The growing number of cases of water borne diseases, increasing water pollution, increasing urbanization,  increasing scarcity of pure and safe water etc. has made the bottled water business just like other consumer items  Bottled water  has been treated by distillation, reverse osmosis, or other suitable process and that meets the definition of purified water.   The bottled water treatments include:     *  Distillation.  In this process, water is turned into a vapor. Since minerals are too heavy to vaporize, they are left behind, and the vapors are condensed into water again.   *  Reverse osmosis.  Ã‚  Water is forced through membranes to remove minerals in the water.   *  Absolute 1 micron filtration.  Ã‚   Water flows through filters that remove particles larger than one micron in size, such as Cryptosporidium, a parasitic protozoan.   *  Ozonation.   Bottlers of all types of waters typically use ozone gas, an antimicrobial agent, to disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor to the water. In India around 100 companies sell an estimated 424 million liters of bottled water valued at around Rs 200 crore in the country annually. Most bottlers claim that their water is 100 per cent bacteria-free and contains minerals  that make it tastier and healthier. But is the water in these bottles really safe to drink? Do they conform to international or national standards?   To find out, the Ahmadabad-based Consumer Education and Research Society (CERS), an independent non-profit institution with a sophisticated product-testing laboratory, recently carried out a detailed study on 13 major brands of bottled water available in the country. The national brands Bisleri (separate samples were taken from their units in Bangalore, Ghaziabad, Calcutta and Baroda) and Bailley (Mumbai and Surat) were selected on the basis of their dominant position in the overall market. Bisil (Mehsana), Golden Eagle (Chennai), Aquaspa (Mumbai),Saiganga (Ahmednagar), Nirantar (Thane), Tirupthi (Chennai) and Yes (Nadiad) were included because of their regional popularity. To conform to international standards for such testing, 21 bottles of each brand were  tested in the CERS laboratory against analytical and sensory  parameters as well as for microbiological contamination. To ensure fairness, the results were sent to the individual companies for their comments 1.4 BACKGROUND In India For the product certification BIS have a scheme licenses are being grated to manufacturers who wish to claim that their bottled water brand is up to the Indian standards. It enables manufacturers to use popularly known ISI mark under BIS Act 1986 after that On September 29, 2000 the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued a notification [No. 759 (E), effective from 29.3.2001]. An amendment to the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules 1954, the BIS certification Mark is now mandatory for packaged drinking water and packaged natural mineral water according to BIS water filled in hermetically sealed containers of various compositions, form, and capacities that is suitable for direct consumption without further treatment. It is subjected to treatment: decantation, filtration, and combination of filtration, aeration, filtration with membrane filters, depth filter, cartridge filter, activated carbon filtration, and demineralization. It is disinfected to a level that wil l not lead to harmful contamination in the drinking water. There are Separate standards have been formulated by BIS for packaged drinking water (IS14543: 98) and for packaged natural mineral water (IS 13428:98). These standards give parameters to be tested and the requirements to be met in respective category of packaged water. According to BIS natural mineral water is different from packaged drinking water it is obtained directly from natural or drilled sources like spring artesian well, drilled well or from an underground water-bearing strata for which all possible precautions should be taken within the protected perimeters to avoid any pollution of, or external influence on, the chemical and physical qualities. It is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their relative proportion and the presence of certain trace elements of. It is required to be collected under conditions, which guarantee the original Natural bacteriological purity and chemical composition of essential components and is bottled at the point of emergence of the source under hygienic conditions. First ever bottled water in India under the name Bisleri was first introduced in Mumbai by Bisleri Ltd., a company of Italian origin in 1965. This company was started by Signor Felice  who first brought the idea of selling bo ttled water in India. Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. In 1969 and started bottling Mineral water in  glass bottles under the brand name Bisleri. Later Parle switched over to PVC non- returnable bottles and finally advanced to PET containers. Since 1995 Mr.Ramesh J. Chauhan has started expanding Bisleri operations substantially and the turnover has multiplied more than 20 times over a period of 10 years and the average growth rate has been around 40% over this period. Presently it has 8 plants and 11 franchisees all over India. Bisleri command a 60% market share of the organized market. To disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor to the water. To disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor of the chlorine and however it can be noted that retailers prefer Bisleri because people recall bottle water with name Bisleri. The FDA also classifies some bottled water according to its origin. Artesian well water: Water from a well that taps an aquiferlayers of porous rock, sand and earth that contain waterwhich is under pressure from surrounding upper layers of rock or clay.   Mineral water: Water from an underground source that contains at least 250 parts per million total dissolved solids. Minerals and trace elements must come from the source of the underground water. They cannot be added later. Spring water: Derived from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the earths surface. Spring water must be collected only at the spring or through a borehole tapping the underground formation feeding the spring. If some external force is used to collect the water through a borehole, the water must have the same composition and quality as the water that naturally flows to the surface.   Well water: Water from a hole bored or drilled into the ground, which taps into an aquifer. Tap Water: Some bottled water also comes from municipal sourcesin other wordsthe tap. Municipal water is usually treated before it is bottled. CHAPTER2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE FDA defines bottle water as water that is intended for human consumption and that is sales in bottle or other containers, with no added ingredients except that may contain safe and suitable antimicrobial agents In the year 1980 we  were able to see more changes by introduction of a tap attachment where Iodine resin was used to filter the water. Iodine deactivates the microbiological impurities to a great extent but with this it also has side effects due to iodine and does not take care of dissolved impurities mineral balance. In the same year Late 1980s it was visible that  Ultra Violet  based purifier, which filters dust and deactivates bacteria to a much greater extent as compared to Iodine. U.V. based purifiers maintain the odor and color of water but even they do not clear out the dissolved impurities and mineral particles. Thus came the concept of mineral water. Reporting requirements are significantly less stringent for bottled water facilities and allow the industry much latitude in assessing risks as well as make assessment of compliance difficult. A regulation body was set in place to periodically and systematically collect, compile, and assess complied statistical Information and was provided by the international Bottled water association (IBWA) on the bottled water industry. The IBWA has set the current annual market for bottled water at about two billion gallons. Wells and natural springs are the main sources for 75 percent of bottled water and for rest the source is the municipal water supplies. Wells and springs are considered to be the sources from ground water. There are different regulation, rules and laws for different counties. For example there is a regulation in the United States, that whenever bottled water is being sourced from community water source then the label of bottle should mention this clearly so it is easily seen and recognizable. However in other case if the water is subjected to distillation, deionization or reverse osmosis then it can be categorized that way and then there is no need to mention the source. As we know Ground water passes through igneous rocks due to which very small quantities of mineral matter gets dissolved as we know this is because of the relative insolubility of the rock composition. Sedimentary rocks as compared are more soluble than the igneous rocks. Because of their higher solubility, they combined with greater abundance in the earths crust; they contribute a major portion of the soluble constituents of ground water (Todd, 1959). In areas recharging large volumes of water underground such as alluvial streams or artificial recharge areas, the quality of the infiltrating surface water can have intensive effect on the ground water. Salts are added to ground water passing through soils by soluble products of soil weathering and of erosion by rainfall and flowing water. Excess irrigation water percolating to the water table may contribute substantial quantities of salt (Todd, 1959) Qureshi and Barrett-Lennard (1998) reported that out of 560,000 tube-wells in the Indus Basin, about 70% of them are pumping sodic water. Thus use of sodic water has in turn affected the soil health and decreased the crop yield. It further concludes that the geographic conditions of the area may contaminate the underground water. However, the source of origin of ground water as well as its recharge is of great importance for bottling companies as to maintain the water standard. Jeffrey Smith.B. (2009) (Providing clean and safe drinking water is a major challenge not only in India but also globally.)As the contamination of drinking water has increased so the supplies and shortages due to overuse has put substantial stress not only on the portability of this resource but also on its availability to the growing global population. Because packaged water provides an important source of potable water for the Indian population, it is important for all the stakeholders to review and discuss best practices, so that working together; the Indian population can have confidence in the packaged drinking water. Mayers Michael (2007) said that (Consumers are profiled in terms of demographics and variations by region.) He also discussed what motivates consumers to pay more n more for bottled water, than they do for the water that is available from their household tap.  Improvements have been made with regard to the taste and health related qualities of products.   In 1958 the international bottle water association (IBWA) came in picture which was a trade association of water procedure, distributers, and suppliers activities include technical relation government relations and communication. E Selman n.keith (2005) conducted a survey which revealed that the data collected on bottled water production, specifically the production from the ground water, the primary source of bottled water relative to other uses of ground water, bottled water production was found to moderate uses of ground water. In Feb. 1999, drinking water foundation, The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) issued a report by the title of Bottle Water: Pure Drink Pure Type? in which they raised numerous wrong allegations against bottled water. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES 3.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Convenience and quality have made the aspect of packaged drinking water quite familiar. There are quite a few numbers of brands marketing their packaged drinking water, and the variety of the same is also mushrooming with the introduction of various styles viz., bottled, bubble top, and so on. But with the number of brands influencing the purchase pattern, there comes the threat on domestic brands, hence a research has been carried over to analyze few brands of packaged drinking water to understand a) The consumer behavior and adaptation of packaged drinking water, b) The brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands, c) The marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water brands, and, d) The market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands. 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN Simply put, a research design is the blueprint for a study that guides the collection and analysis of data. The survey research approach was used in this project, saimple cause being that the consumers feedback was absolute for obtaining the data. A research project, initially, needs a basic preparation regarding the issues related to topic selected. For this one needs to do some deskwork. Deskwork includes: Determining the basic objectives of the study being pursued. Collation of secondary data related to the topic from sources like the internet, magazines newspapers. Studying the market, which one wants to cover? Analyzing the objectives on the basis of second hand data collected. The above mentioned activities at the initial stage of the project must be completed then the main part would be focused upon. 3.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Each of our objectives has to be converted into certain questions in the questionnaire. The research objective will only be fulfilled if we are able to do this conversion successfully and effectively. The objectives of our research are: To study the consumer behavior and adaptation towards packaged drinking water. The concerned research question corresponding to this objective are: What type of water do you prefer to drink? Mineral Water Filtered Water How frequently do you drink mineral water? Always Sometimes Often You drink mineral water because it is: Safe/Bacteria Free Handy/Portable When feeling thirsty you choose mineral water over soft drink? Always Often Sometimes Never Rank the following parameters as per your preference while purchasing mineral water. Brand Quality Price Availability To study brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Which brand do you prefer while buying mineral water? Bisleri Kinley Himalaya Qua Rate these brands on the factors given below( 1=bad; 5=excellent) Factors Bisleri Kinley Himalaya Qua Taste Price Availability Brand Packaging To study the marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Does advertising of the product have any effect on your purchase? Yes No What size of packaged water do you usually prefer? 500ml 1 ltr 5ltr 20 ltr To study the market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Where do you buy bottled drinking water from? Metro/Railway Station Bus Stand Local Vendors Office/School Cafeteria Retail Outlets 3.4 PARTICIPANTS Population of the study: the group of individual to be studied. Our population of the study covered the region of Delhi/NCR. Sample size: We had taken a sample size of 100 consumers who were our respondents. They were selected by simple random sampling, due to the fact that in this case systematic sampling is not possible, cause one cannot say whether a person is using mineral water or not. Sampling technique: Simple Random sampling technique has been used in this project. In simple random sampling each unit of the population stands an equal chance of being selected in the sample size. Each unit has the same probability of being selected i.e. 1/N. PROFESSION % OF POPULATION IT/ITES 10% SPORTS/TRAINER 5% HOSPITALITY 15% MANAGEMENT 15% STUDENT 40% OTHERS 15% 3.5 DATA COLLECTION One of the most basic differentiation is between collecting primary data or secondary data. Secondary data collection is any information we may have used, but which has not been specifically collected for the current marketing research. But marketing research typically requires a lot of current data that is not available through the secondary means. The methodology used for the secondary data that is already collected may be unknown thus validity and reliability of the data is not known. Primary data collection is the data that is collected specifically for the project undertaken from the real respondents such as consumers, dealers, and other people associated to the research. In our project we have used primary data collection method through questionnaire from the consumers. We had circulated the questionnaire online as well as manually. 3.6 INSTRUMENTATION Mode Of Survey The consumers had to fill up our questionnaire , which was our instrument of survey. While pursuing the research, structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions were used. Structured Questions: they improve the reliability of the study, by ensuring that every respondent is asked the same questions. Structured answers: structuring or standardizing answers which the respondent can choose from in a questionnaire also achieves consistency of form. Additionally, it makes the interpretation of answers, analysis and tabulation, easier than in the case of unstructured answers. Closed-ended questions: questions which structure the possible answers beforehand are known as closed-ended questions. Preparing the questionnaire The questionnaire was prepared keeping in mind the objectives that we had laid down for the project. Each objective had had a set of questions lined up. The questionnaire followed the funnel approach i.e. the questionnaire follows a sequence starting with the general questions first and with more specific and personal questions later on to avoid specific questions biasing the general questions. A close end questionnaire was prepared by us for the same purpose, to be filled by the consumer. We have used the following types of questions in our questionnaire, Dichotomous questions Multiple choice questions Rating questions Ranking questions Semantic differential questions etc. 3.7 PILOT STUDY A pilot study is a pre-study of your fuller study. It can also be referred to as a miniature study of the project. In order to improve the macro picture, it is to a feasibility study, a small experiment designed to gather logistics and information prior to a larger study in order to improve the latters efficiency and quality. A pilot study will reveal deficiencies in the design, if any, of the proposed experiment or procedures and these can then be rectified before a larger picture is painted using more efforts and resources. Generally a pilot study is miniscule in front of the whole experiment, and therefore would provide only limited information on the sources and magnitude of variation of response measures. In our project we carried out a pilot study on 20 consumers as respondents. Our selection was again through simple random sampling. The pilot study helped us in the restructuring of certain questions lacking the simplicity and effectiveness of a survey. Through this pilot study we could make the appropriate and necessary changes in our research instrument on time rather than after completing the research paper. 3.8 DATA ANALYSIS After collection of data another work necessary for any data collector is to correctly analyze that data. Statistical tools helped us to correctly analyze the data. The statistical tool that we have used in our project is SPSS software. SPSS(originally, statistical package for social sciences) was released in its first version in 1968 after being developed by Norman H. Nie and C. Hadlai Hull. Statistics included in the basic software: Descriptive Statistics: Cross Tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptive, Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics Bivariate Statistics: Mean, T-Test, Anova, Correlation( Bivariate, Partial, Distances), Non Parametric Tests Prediction for numerical outcomes: Linear Regression. Prediction for identifying groups: Factor Analysis; Cluster Analysis(Two-Step, K-Means, Hierarchical), Discriminant. The statistical tools used in the project are: Attribut Based Perceptual Mapping Using Discriminant Analysis Discriminant Analysis Anova Correlation 3.9 LIMITATIONS Every project report has limitations, our project which was Comparative Study Of Few Packaged Drinking Water Brands also faced certain limitations. We observed the following limitations: The sample size of our project i.e 100 respondents was too small in comparison to the population. Too small a sample would have affected the reliability of the finding from the research. The data collection was done in some parts of delhi and noida . the project was generalized for the entire delhi/ncr region. There might have been biasness on the part of the respondents. 3.10 SUMMARY Research methodology and procedures are the most important part of a project report. The finding and the result of the research depends upon the methods used, the data collection, the research questions, the data analysis tools used. The final objective of a research is to achieve what it was meant to achieve. The conversion of the objectives into the questionnaire and ultimately the findings from the research is the core of the research project. CHAPTER 4 : DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 REVIEW METHODOLOGY Quantitative data collection The valuable data for the research has been taken from the given source; Primary data . The data was collected from: 1.a Customer Surveys A carefully structured questionnaire used to measure customer attitudes, levels of perception, intentions to purchase etc. 1.b The questionnaires have been filled online and through personal interview. Instrument 2.a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Qualitative findings helped us to effectively phrase and position questions and eliminate ambiguity (in questionnaire/survey) by providing a platform to better understand brand preference, brand equity, marketing strategies and consumer behavior. The findings that emerged from the above mentioned research methods are crucial in assessing our objectives. 4.2 FINDINGS Through One Way Anova we came to know that the frequency of purchase of packaged mineral water by the consumer does not converge significantly on the consumers income. Whereas the consumption quantity of packaged mineral water by the consumer converges significantly on the income of the consumer. This helps us in understanding price sensitivity of the consumer while deciding the quantity of consumption of packaged drinking water Bisleri the brand has a strongest brand equity which attributes to its success in comparison to its other attributes like price, packaging ,taste and availability .The unstandardised discriminant f

A Teacher Holds the Key to Knowledge, Success, and Fun :: Teaching Philosophy Education Admissions

A Teacher Holds the Key to Knowledge, Success, and Fun The greatest gift a teacher can give students is a positive learning experience that lasts a lifetime. An outstanding teacher is a good role model, fair, consistent, and open to new ideas. A good teacher can motivate and entertain without students realizing the learning process it taking place. It is a great achievement for a teacher to see the â€Å"light bulb† come on over a student’s head when he/she understand a problem or can figure out an equation. To see a child accomplish a task is most satisfying and rewarding. A teacher holds the key to knowledge, success, and fun. Every child deserves a teacher that understands and accommodates different ability levels of each student. It is very difficult to pinpoint a specific method of teaching because so many styles and techniques are successful. Incorporating different methods may be effective. I have been a substitute teacher for two years and this experience has brought great insight for future reference. I feel that all students can and must learn according to their ability. I want to be a teacher who influences each student in a positive way and display strong ethics in order to encourage appropriate behavior and respect. A teacher’s personal ethics influence their teaching method. With regard to teaching methods, I share certain views from Rousseau. Children are born with a blank slate and are not good or bad by nature. These characteristics are not determined at birth but are learned behavior. Young children entering elementary school are excited and open to learn. It is the teachers’ task to keep the creativeness and attention of each student. Basically, children want to learn. I also tend to hold the attitude of Essentialism toward educational philosophies. I believe the curriculum of the schools should be subject-centered. Students learning should be centered on the basic subjects such as reading, writing, history, math, and science. I feel strongly about reading because if a child is a good strong reader, other subjects seem to be absorbed more easily. I lean toward behaviorism regarding discipline. I agree the reward system, establishing rules, and monitoring events are excellent ways to teach responsibility and instill moral values. I think a good teacher can incorporate all different â€Å"beliefs† and identify what works and what doesn’t. The lessons students learn in kindergarten are basic skills and remain with them for the rest of their lives.